Desain dan Implementasi Robot Heksapoda dengan Misi Pemadaman Api

Makalah ini memaparkan tentang desain dan implementasi robot heksapoda yang bergerak dalam suatu ruang dengan misi memadamkan api. Sumber api diletakkan dalam ruang tertentu. Untuk mencapai ruang tersebut, robot harus berjalan menyusuri lorong dengan lebar tertentu dan dibatasi oleh dinding. Robot harus bergerak tanpa menabrak dinding pembatas ruang. Untuk merealisasikan sistem tersebut, robot heksapoda dilengkapi dengan tiga buah sensor, yaitu sensor jarak, sensor garis, dan sensor api. Sensor jarak berupa sensor ultrasonik tipe HCSR04 berfungsi memberikan informasi jarak antara robot dengan dinding sehingga robot terhindar dari tabrakan dengan dinding. Sensor garis berupa sensor LDR digunakan untuk mendeteksi garis penanda ruang sumber api. Sementara itu, sensor api berupa sensor flame 5 channel berfungsi mendeteksi keberadaan api yang harus dipadamkan oleh robot. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan robot heksapoda yang dirancang dapat berjalan menyusuri ruang tanpa menabrak dinding dan menemukan sumber api, kemudian api tersebut dipadamkan oleh kipas yang berputar setelah diberi tegangan input oleh mikrokontroler

Composition of Templates for Transitional Pedipulation Behaviors

Abstract. We document the reliably repeatable dynamical mounting and dismounting of wheeled stools and carts, and of fixed ledges, by the Minitaur robot. Because these tasks span a range of length scales that preclude quasi-static execution, we use a hybrid dynamical systems framework to variously compose and thereby systematically reuse a small lexicon of templates (low degree of freedom behavioral primitives). The resulting behaviors comprise the key competences beyond mere locomotion required for robust implementation on a legged mobile manipulator of a simple version of the warehouseman’s problem

Trends in the control of hexapod robots: a survey

The static stability of hexapods motivates their design for tasks in which stable locomotion is required, such as navigation across complex environments. This task is of high interest due to the possibility of replacing human beings in exploration, surveillance and rescue missions. For this application, the control system must adapt the actuation of the limbs according to their surroundings to ensure that the hexapod does not tumble during locomotion. The most traditional approach considers their limbs as robotic manipulators and relies on mechanical models to actuate them. However, the increasing interest in model-free models for the control of these systems has led to the design of novel solutions. Through a systematic literature review, this paper intends to overview the trends in this field of research and determine in which stage the design of autonomous and adaptable controllers for hexapods is.The first author received funding through a doctoral scholarship from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Grant No. SFRH/BD/145818/2019), with funds from the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and the European Social Fund through the Programa Operacional Regional Norte. This work has been supported by the FCT national funds, under the national support to R&D units grant, through the reference project UIDB/04436/2020 and UIDP/04436/2020

Legged Robots for Object Manipulation: A Review

Legged robots can have a unique role in manipulating objects in dynamic, human-centric, or otherwise inaccessible environments. Although most legged robotics research to date typically focuses on traversing these challenging environments, many legged platform demonstrations have also included "moving an object" as a way of doing tangible work. Legged robots can be designed to manipulate a particular type of object (e.g., a cardboard box, a soccer ball, or a larger piece of furniture), by themselves or collaboratively. The objective of this review is to collect and learn from these examples, to both organize the work done so far in the community and highlight interesting open avenues for future work. This review categorizes existing works into four main manipulation methods: object interactions without grasping, manipulation with walking legs, dedicated non-locomotive arms, and legged teams. Each method has different design and autonomy features, which are illustrated by available examples in the literature. Based on a few simplifying assumptions, we further provide quantitative comparisons for the range of possible relative sizes of the manipulated object with respect to the robot. Taken together, these examples suggest new directions for research in legged robot manipulation, such as multifunctional limbs, terrain modeling, or learning-based control, to support a number of new deployments in challenging indoor/outdoor scenarios in warehouses/construction sites, preserved natural areas, and especially for home robotics.Comment: Preprint of the paper submitted to Frontiers in Mechanical Engineerin

Mechanical Design and a Novel Structural Optimization Approach for Hexapod Walking Robots

This paper presents a novel model-based structural optimization approach for the efficient electromechanical development of hexapod robots. First, a hexapod-design-related analysis of both optimization objectives and relevant parameters is conducted based on the derived dynamical model of the robot. A multi-objective optimization goal is proposed, which minimizes energy consumption, unwanted body motion and differences between joint torques. Then, an optimization framework is established, which utilizes a sophisticated strategy to handle the optimization problems characterized by a large set of parameters. As a result, a satisfactory result is efficiently obtained with fewer iterations. The research determines the optimal parameter set for hexapod robots, contributing to significant increases in a robot’s walking range, suppressed robot body vibrations, and both balanced and appropriate motor loads. The modular design of the proposed simulation model also offers flexibility, allowing for the optimization of other electromechanical properties of hexapod robots. The presented research focuses on the mechatronic design of the Szabad(ka)-III hexapod robot and is based on the previously validated Szabad(ka)-II hexapod robot mode

Reactive Planning With Legged Robots In Unknown Environments

Unlike the problem of safe task and motion planning in a completely known environment, the setting where the obstacles in a robot\u27s workspace are not initially known and are incrementally revealed online has so far received little theoretical interest, with existing algorithms usually demanding constant deliberative replanning in the presence of unanticipated conditions. Moreover, even though recent advances show that legged platforms are becoming better at traversing rough terrains and environments, legged robots are still mostly used as locomotion research platforms, with applications restricted to domains where interaction with the environment is usually not needed and actively avoided. In order to accomplish challenging tasks with such highly dynamic robots in unexplored environments, this research suggests with formal arguments and empirical demonstration the effectiveness of a hierarchical control structure, that we believe is the first provably correct deliberative/reactive planner to engage an unmodified general purpose mobile manipulator in physical rearrangements of its environment. To this end, we develop the mobile manipulation maneuvers to accomplish each task at hand, successfully anchor the useful kinematic unicycle template to control our legged platforms, and integrate perceptual feedback with low-level control to coordinate each robot\u27s movement. At the same time, this research builds toward a useful abstraction for task planning in unknown environments, and provides an avenue for incorporating partial prior knowledge within a deterministic framework well suited to existing vector field planning methods, by exploiting recent developments in semantic SLAM and object pose and triangular mesh extraction using convolutional neural net architectures. Under specific sufficient conditions, formal results guarantee collision avoidance and convergence to designated (fixed or slowly moving) targets, for both a single robot and a robot gripping and manipulating objects, in previously unexplored workspaces cluttered with non-convex obstacles. We encourage the application of our methods by providing accompanying software with open-source implementations of our algorithms