Effect of Sitting and Supine Position on Measuring Blood Pressure among Healthy Students Faculty of Nursing Shendi University2017

Background: Blood pressure is commonly measured in the seated or supine position; however, the two positions give different measurement values. With that in mind, any time a value is recorded, body position should also be recorded(2).AIM: - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sitting and supine position on measuring blood pressure for healthy adult students.Method: - Comparative analytical study done during the period from March to June 2017 from Faculty of nursing science .A total of 205 healthy young students measured by stratified simple random sampling by toys whom had accepted to participate in the study. In all subjects the blood pressure was measured subsequently in two positions: Sitting then supine, with the arm supported at the elbow and the cuff at the heart level. The data was analyzed by (SPSS), and presented in forms of tables and figures.Result: - The blood pressure tended to drop in the setting position compared with the supine. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the highest in supine position (120/74 mm/hg) when compared the setting positions (116.2/74.5 mm/hg).SBP reading range from (0-4 mm/Hg) while in DBP was range from (0-0.5 mm/Hg). All blood pressure measurement in supine and setting position was not statistically significant with age.Recommendation: -The study recommended that: suggested to use supine position when measuring blood pressure if there is not contraindicated, The nurses and other health worker personnel have to be document site of measuring blood pressure, and The study have to be done in large population to give scientifically evidence. Key words: - blood pressure – position -

Exploring Methods to Improve Pressure Ulcer Detection: Spectroscopic Assessment of the Blanch Response

Pressure damage in intact skin is difficult to detect, particularly in individuals with dark skin, because color changes and tissue blanching are masked by the skin's pigmentation. Tissue reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) may be able to detect the blanch response regardless of skin color by measuring the change in total hemoglobin (delta tHb) that occurs when pressure is applied to the skin. The objective of this dissertation was to examine the ability of TRS to detect the blanch response at sites at risk for pressure ulcer development in individuals with various levels of skin pigmentation. Three studies were conducted to address this objective. In Study 1, delta tHb was assessed at the heel and sacrum of light and dark-skinned healthy participants using a portable TRS system. Study 1 showed that a significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in tHb could be measured in both light and dark skinned-participants with good intra-rater reliability (ICC greater than or equal to 0.80) at the heel, but not at the sacrum. Study 2 was conducted to identify a reliable method of skin color description for use in subsequent studies of the spectroscopic blanch response. Two examiners (B and C) performed three skin color assessments at the volar forearm of ten healthy participants using Munsell color tile matching and colorimetry. Intra and inter-rater reliability was excellent for colorimetry (ICCs typically greater than or equal to 0.90). Reliability for Munsell color tile matching was highest for Munsell value within Examiner B (93% agreement, kappa 0.87-1.00), which was determined to be sufficiently high for use in subsequent studies. In Study 3, delta tHb was assessed at the heels of light, moderate, and dark-skinned elderly nursing home residents at risk for pressure ulcers. As in the pilot study, a significant decrease in tHb was observed in all skin color groups (p less than 0.05). Intra-rater reliability for delta tHb was moderate or greater (ICC greater than or equal to 0.61). In combination, the results of Study 1 and Study 3 demonstrated that a significant spectroscopic blanch response could be detected with moderate or greater intra-rater reliability at the heel regardless of age or pressure ulcer risk status

Balance comparison between Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion limitations

This study compares the static eye movement (eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic balance amongst Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion (ROM) limitations. The method used was a quasi-experimental before/after study. The participants consisted of 30 older Iranian adults, aged 60 or more (10 females and 20 males across two groups of 15 in each group) who were evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg (SR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. An independent t-test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of the two groups of the elderly. The findings showed substantial alterations in all the measured components between the subjects. The static balance with an open eye (p = 0.028) and closed eye (p = 0.021), as well as the dynamic balance (p = 0.009) between the elderly with and without the limitation of knee ROM, was substantially different. Moving forward, the findings of this study suggested that the balance of the elderly was directly linked to knee ROM, as the elderly without limitations of knee ROM displayed greater stability than the elderly with limitations of knee ROM. Health care practitioners should also understand the ROM of the knee, as individuals with ROM limitations of the knee are more likely to fall due to underlying disorders associated with their balance

The Effects of Line Dancing on Balance and Coordination in the Elderly

The purpose of this study was to determine if a six-week line dancing program has a significant effect on balance and coordination in a geriatric population. If proven effective, line dancing can be added to the options available to physical therapists for balance and coordination training. A total of 12 volunteer subjects participated in this study. They were separated into two groups, a control group (n = 6, 4 females and 2 males), and a dance group (n = 6, all female) according to participant\u27s preference. Subjects were in good health, were high functioning , and were found to be at a low risk for falls. Age of subjects ranged from 72 to 94 years, with a mean age of 85.67. The study format involved an initial and final evaluation using the Berg Balance Measure and the coordination assessment from O\u27Sullivan and Schmitz. Following the initial assessment, the control group was instructed to continue their normal activities during the following six-week period. The dancing group participated in a line dancing exercise program two times per week for the six weeks. Following the six-week period, the Berg Balance Measure and the coordination assessment from O\u27Sullivan and Schmitz were re-administered. A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the control group to the dance group using scores from both the Berg and the coordination tests. A Wilcoxon T-test was also used to compare the control group scores before versus after the six-week period and the dancing group scores before versus after six weeks of dancing. An alpha level of p = .05 was used to determine significance for all tests. At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the two groups for either test (z = -.165, P = .869 for the Berg; z = -.647, P = .517 for the coordination test). Following six weeks of dancing, there was a significant difference between the control group and the dance group (z = -2.123, P = .034 for the Berg; z = -2.500, P = .012 for the coordination test). The results also demonstrated no significant change in scores in the control group (z = -.743, P = .458 for the Berg; z = -1.289, P = .197 for the coordination test), but a significant increase in the scores from the dance group following six weeks of dancing (z = - 2.14, P = .027 for the Berg; z = -2.264, P = .024 for the coordination test). A six-week line dancing program significantly improved scores on the Berg Balance Measure and the coordination assessment from O\u27Sullivan and Schmitz. Line dancing can be an effective tool for physical therapists to use for balance and coordination training with the elderly