665 research outputs found
Strongly simplicial vertices of powers of trees
AbstractFor a tree T and an integer k⩾1, it is well known that the kth power Tk of T is strongly chordal and hence has a strong elimination ordering of its vertices. In this note we obtain a complete characterization of strongly simplicial vertices of Tk, thereby characterizing all strong elimination orderings of the vertices of Tk
On strongly chordal graphs that are not leaf powers
A common task in phylogenetics is to find an evolutionary tree representing
proximity relationships between species. This motivates the notion of leaf
powers: a graph G = (V, E) is a leaf power if there exist a tree T on leafset V
and a threshold k such that uv is an edge if and only if the distance between u
and v in T is at most k. Characterizing leaf powers is a challenging open
problem, along with determining the complexity of their recognition. This is in
part due to the fact that few graphs are known to not be leaf powers, as such
graphs are difficult to construct. Recently, Nevries and Rosenke asked if leaf
powers could be characterized by strong chordality and a finite set of
forbidden subgraphs.
In this paper, we provide a negative answer to this question, by exhibiting
an infinite family \G of (minimal) strongly chordal graphs that are not leaf
powers. During the process, we establish a connection between leaf powers,
alternating cycles and quartet compatibility. We also show that deciding if a
chordal graph is \G-free is NP-complete, which may provide insight on the
complexity of the leaf power recognition problem
Spectral rigidity of automorphic orbits in free groups
It is well-known that a point in the (unprojectivized)
Culler-Vogtmann Outer space is uniquely determined by its
\emph{translation length function} . A subset of a
free group is called \emph{spectrally rigid} if, whenever
are such that for every then in . By
contrast to the similar questions for the Teichm\"uller space, it is known that
for there does not exist a finite spectrally rigid subset of .
In this paper we prove that for if is a subgroup
that projects to an infinite normal subgroup in then the -orbit
of an arbitrary nontrivial element is spectrally rigid. We also
establish a similar statement for , provided that is not
conjugate to a power of .
We also include an appended corrigendum which gives a corrected proof of
Lemma 5.1 about the existence of a fully irreducible element in an infinite
normal subgroup of of . Our original proof of Lemma 5.1 relied on a
subgroup classification result of Handel-Mosher, originally stated by
Handel-Mosher for arbitrary subgroups . After our paper was
published, it turned out that the proof of the Handel-Mosher subgroup
classification theorem needs the assumption that be finitely generated. The
corrigendum provides an alternative proof of Lemma~5.1 which uses the
corrected, finitely generated, version of the Handel-Mosher theorem and relies
on the 0-acylindricity of the action of on the free factor complex
(due to Bestvina-Mann-Reynolds). A proof of 0-acylindricity is included in the
corrigendum.Comment: Included a corrigendum which gives a corrected proof of Lemma 5.1
about the existence of a fully irreducible element in an infinite normal
subgroup of of Out(F_N). Note that, because of the arXiv rules, the
corrigendum and the original article are amalgamated into a single pdf file,
with the corrigendum appearing first, followed by the main body of the
original articl
Core and intersection number for group actions on trees
We present the construction of some kind of "convex core" for the product of
two actions of a group on \bbR-trees. This geometric construction allows to
generalize and unify the intersection number of two curves or of two measured
foliations on a surface, Scott's intersection number of splittings, and the
apparition of surfaces in Fujiwara-Papasoglu's construction of the JSJ
splitting. In particular, this construction allows a topological interpretation
of the intersection number analogous to the definition for curves in surfaces.
As an application of this construction, we prove that an irreducible
automorphism of the free group whose stable and unstable trees are geometric,
is actually induced a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism on a surface
On Minimum Maximal Distance-k Matchings
We study the computational complexity of several problems connected with
finding a maximal distance- matching of minimum cardinality or minimum
weight in a given graph. We introduce the class of -equimatchable graphs
which is an edge analogue of -equipackable graphs. We prove that the
recognition of -equimatchable graphs is co-NP-complete for any fixed . We provide a simple characterization for the class of strongly chordal
graphs with equal -packing and -domination numbers. We also prove that
for any fixed integer the problem of finding a minimum weight
maximal distance- matching and the problem of finding a minimum weight
-independent dominating set cannot be approximated in polynomial
time in chordal graphs within a factor of unless
, where is a fixed constant (thereby
improving the NP-hardness result of Chang for the independent domination case).
Finally, we show the NP-hardness of the minimum maximal induced matching and
independent dominating set problems in large-girth planar graphs.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Deformation and rigidity of simplicial group actions on trees
We study a notion of deformation for simplicial trees with group actions
(G-trees). Here G is a fixed, arbitrary group. Two G-trees are related by a
deformation if there is a finite sequence of collapse and expansion moves
joining them. We show that this relation on the set of G-trees has several
characterizations, in terms of dynamics, coarse geometry, and length functions.
Next we study the deformation space of a fixed G-tree X. We show that if X is
`strongly slide-free' then it is the unique reduced tree in its deformation
space.
These methods allow us to extend the rigidity theorem of Bass and Lubotzky to
trees that are not locally finite. This yields a unique factorization theorem
for certain graphs of groups. We apply the theory to generalized
Baumslag-Solitar groups and show that many have canonical decompositions. We
also prove a quasi-isometric rigidity theorem for strongly slide-free G-trees.Comment: Published in Geometry and Topology at
http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol6/paper8.abs.htm
The square of a block graph
AbstractThe square H2 of a graph H is obtained from H by adding new edges between every two vertices having distance two in H. A block graph is one in which every block is a clique. For the first time, good characterizations and a linear time recognition of squares of block graphs are given in this paper. Our results generalize several previous known results on squares of trees
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