Analyzing Attacks on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is one of the driving applications of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and promises to bring more efficient and faster transportation through cooperative behavior between vehicles. In CACC, vehicles exchange information, which is relied on to partially automate driving; however, this reliance on cooperation requires resilience against attacks and other forms of misbehavior. In this paper, we propose a rigorous attacker model and an evaluation framework for this resilience by quantifying the attack impact, providing the necessary tools to compare controller resilience and attack effectiveness simultaneously. Although there are significant differences between the resilience of the three analyzed controllers, we show that each can be attacked effectively and easily through either jamming or data injection. Our results suggest a combination of misbehavior detection and resilient control algorithms with graceful degradation are necessary ingredients for secure and safe platoons.Comment: 8 pages (author version), 5 Figures, Accepted at 2017 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC

Road-Side Based Cybersecurity in Connected and Automated Vehicle Systems

69A3551747105In this study, we develop a comprehensive framework to model the impact of cyberattacks on safety, security, and head-to-tail stability of connected and automated vehicular platoons. First, we propose a general platoon dynamics model with heterogeneous time delays that may originate from the communication channel and/or vehicle onboard sensors. Based on the proposed dynamics model, we develop an augmented state extended Kalman filter (ASEKF) to smooth sensor readings, and use it in conjunction with an anomaly detector to detect sensor anomalies. Specifically, we consider two detectors: a parametric detector, the ??2-detector, and a learning-based detector, the one class support vector machine (OCSVM). We investigate the detection power of all combinations of vehicle dynamics models (EKF and ASEKF) and detectors (??2and OCSVM). Furthermore, we introduce a novel concept in string stability, namely, pseudo string stability, to measure a platoon's string stability under cyberattacks and model uncertainties. We demonstrate the relationship between the pseudo string stability of a platoon and its detection rate, which enables us to identify the critical detection sensitivity/recall that the platoon's members should meet for the platoon to remain pseudo string stable

Segurança das comunicações V2X em ambientes 5G

Estamos à beira de uma nova era de veículos autônomos interligados com experiências de utilizadores e segurança rodoviária melhorada em diversos casos de utilização. Esta tese apresenta conceitos baseando-se no estudo, análise da segurança dos novos sistemas de comunicação sem fios para os sistemas de transporte inteligentes, que consistem em exploração de várias tecnologias com o propósito de melhorar a interface entre condutor, o veículo e a estrada. O objetivo dos sistemas de transporte inteligentes é reduzir significativamente os acidentes de viação, o controlo do tráfego e a poluição do trânsito. Os protocolos de comunicação existentes veículo para todos (V2X), especialmente o 5G, permitiram avanços significativos na segurança de condução autónoma. As aplicações de condução autónoma precisam de informação para chegarem ao seu destino o mais rapidamente possível. Com isto em mente, o V2X oferece múltiplas opções de largura de banda e os recursos de transmissão são partilhados entre utilizadores o que permite uma experiência significativamente aprimorada, inteligente e capaz de suportar a troca massiva de informações de forma rápida e com baixa latência. O 5G-V2X, que é um complemento eficaz do LTE V2X e suporta aplicações de condução autónoma que não podem ser suportadas pelo LTE V2X, também inclui bandas mmWave, gama de subtransportadores escaláveis e massive MIMO. Esta tese visa compreender os mecanismos de segurança das comunicações V2X num ambiente 5G, a forma como esta segurança é proporcionada, as suas consequências positivas e negativas, e os benefícios, riscos e impactos da utilização de comunicações 5G para V2X. O objetivo deste documento é discutir os mecanismos utilizados para garantir a segurança das comunicações V2

On Resilient Control for Secure Connected Vehicles: A Hybrid Systems Approach

According to the Internet of Things Forecast conducted by Ericsson, connected devices will be around 29 billion by 2022. This technological revolution enables the concept of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) that will transform many applications, including power-grid, transportation, smart buildings, and manufacturing. Manufacturers and institutions are relying on technologies related to CPSs to improve the efficiency and performances of their products and services. However, the higher the number of connected devices, the higher the exposure to cybersecurity threats. In the case of CPSs, successful cyber-attacks can potentially hamper the economy and endanger human lives. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop and adopt resilient technologies that can complement the existing security tools to make CPSs more resilient to cyber-attacks. By exploiting the intrinsically present physical characteristics of CPSs, this dissertation employs dynamical and control systems theory to improve the CPS resiliency to cyber-attacks. In particular, we consider CPSs as Networked Control Systems (NCSs), which are control systems where plant and controller share sensing and actuating information through networks. This dissertation proposes novel design procedures that maximize the resiliency of NCSs to network imperfections (i.e., sampling, packet dropping, and network delays) and denial of service (DoS) attacks. We model CPSs from a general point of view to generate design procedures that have a vast spectrum of applicability while creating computationally affordable algorithms capable of real-time performances. Indeed, the findings of this research aspire to be easily applied to several CPSs applications, e.g., power grid, transportation systems, and remote surgery. However, this dissertation focuses on applying its theoretical outcomes to connected and automated vehicle (CAV) systems where vehicles are capable of sharing information via a wireless communication network. In the first part of the dissertation, we propose a set of LMI-based constructive Lyapunov-based tools for the analysis of the resiliency of NCSs, and we propose a design approach that maximizes the resiliency. In the second part of the thesis, we deal with the design of DOS-resilient control systems for connected vehicle applications. In particular, we focus on the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), which is one of the most popular and promising applications involving CAVs