Regulating Search Warrant Execution Procedure for Stored Electronic Communications

Electronic communication services, from email, to social media, tomessaging applications, have not only dramatically changed daily life but have also had a profound impact on criminal investigations and procedure.The often large volume of electronically stored information has led to a two-step process for search warrant execution, codified in Federal Criminal Procedure Rule 41. When conducting a search pursuant to Rule 41, law enforcement often retains both responsive items—materials that fall within the scope of the warrant—and nonresponsive materials—intermingled items that can be searched, but ultimately exceed the scope of the warrant. This possession of nonresponsive material creates a tension between the account holder’s privacy interests and the government’s ability to conduct an effective search.Courts and scholars have implemented and proposed a range of approaches for search warrant execution inlight of concerns about sweeping general searches and the practicalities of searching electronically stored information. This Note examines these approaches to regulate search warrant execution procedure in the context of stored electronic communications. This Note also discusses the strengths and shortcomings of these various mechanisms and concludes that Rule 41 should be amended to provide standards for the retention and use of nonresponsive material

Developement Of Database and Stored Procedures for E-Commerce System

E-commerce has been an important entity in our daily life. Mobile commerce will make up to 45% of total revenue of e-commerce transaction by 2020. Database design is important in creating e-commerce application. Previous work on the database design for e-commerce application is improved. This thesis further improve previous work on database design for ecommerce application. The method of using stored procedure technique in creating an e-commerce application is also applied. We propose two design that is applied for e-commerce application, which is the database design and the stored procedure technique. The first proposes an improve design on e-commerce application database. We introduce a simple design that is applied and used in e-commerce application, further improving the previous design. The design focus on a simple approach to a database for e-commerce application. The second proposes on using the stored procedure technique in creating the database. Stored procedure used as a middleware for the application and the database. The stored procedure is categorised in two, which is the basic and advance stored procedure techniques. We explained on applying stored procedure technique on an e-commerce application. The proposed stored procedure and database can applied to the creation of an e-commerce applicationTable of Contents Abstract Chapter 1: Introduction .....................................................................................1 1.1 Background of research..............................................................................1 1.2 Research objectives.....................................................................................2 Chapter 2: Literature Review.............................................................................4 2.1 E-Commerce ................................................................................................4 2.2 Database and stored procedure.................................................................5 Chapter 3: Database Design and Stored Procedure..........................................9 3.1 Database design ..........................................................................................9 3.2 Basic stored procedures design................................................................17 3.3 Advance stored procedure design ...........................................................23 Chapter 4: Implementation and Experiment ..................................................25 4.1 Database implementation ........................................................................25 4.2 Stored procedure implementation ..........................................................28 4.3 Website implementation ..........................................................................30 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Further Works......................................................34 Appendix ..........................................................................................................36 Appendix a: Database SQL and Tables ...........................................................40 Appendix b: Stored procedures......................................................................50 References........................................................................................................50Maste

A Tabu Search Heuristic Procedure for the Capacitated Facility Location Problem

A tabu search heuristic procedure for the capacitated facility location problem is developed, implemented and computationally tested. The heuristic procedure uses both short term and long term memories to perform the main search process as well as the diversification and intensification functions. Visited solutions are stored in a primogenitary linked quad tree as a long term memory. The recent iteration at which a facility changed its status is stored for each facility site as a short memory. Lower bounds on the decreases of total cost are used to measure the attractiveness of switching the status of facilities and are used to select a move in the main search process. A specialized transportation algorithm is developed and employed to exploit the problem structure in solving transportation problems. The performance of the heuristic procedure is tested through computational experiments using test problems from the literature and new test problems randomly generated. It found optimal solutions for a most all test problems used. As compared to the Lagrangean and the surrogate/Lagrangean heuristic methods, the tabu search heuristic procedure found much better solutions using much less CPU time.Capacitated facility location, Tabu search, Metaheuristics

In-orbit calibration adjustment of the Nimbus-7 SMMR

The procedure for converting raw antenna signals (counts) from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) to microwave radiances is described. The procedure entails taking the raw data stored on TAT data tapes, applying an interim prelaunch calibration, correcting for polarization mixing, and finally adjusting the calibration so that the observations conform to model calculations of oceanic radiances. The results are stored on TCT data tapes with the same format as the TATs, i.e., the basic sampling interval of the SMMR is retained. The properties of the TCTs are compared with those of the other basic SMMR radiance data product, the CELL tapes, in which the integrated fields-of-view (IFOVs) have been averaged into cells with coarser sampling intervals and in which the prelaunch calibration is the final one used

Correlating matched-filter model for analysis and optimisation of neural networks

A new formalism is described for modelling neural networks by means of which a clear physical understanding of the network behaviour can be gained. In essence, the neural net is represented by an equivalent network of matched filters which is then analysed by standard correlation techniques. The procedure is demonstrated on the synchronous Little-Hopfield network. It is shown how the ability of this network to discriminate between stored binary, bipolar codes is optimised if the stored codes are chosen to be orthogonal. However, such a choice will not often be possible and so a new neural network architecture is proposed which enables the same discrimination to be obtained for arbitrary stored codes. The most efficient convergence of the synchronous Little-Hopfield net is obtained when the neurons are connected to themselves with a weight equal to the number of stored codes. The processing gain is presented for this case. The paper goes on to show how this modelling technique can be extended to analyse the behaviour of both hard and soft neural threshold responses and a novel time-dependent threshold response is described

Correlating matched-filter model for analysis and optimisation of neural networks

A new formalism is described for modelling neural networks by means of which a clear physical understanding of the network behaviour can be gained. In essence, the neural net is represented by an equivalent network of matched filters which is then analysed by standard correlation techniques. The procedure is demonstrated on the synchronous Little-Hopfield network. It is shown how the ability of this network to discriminate between stored binary, bipolar codes is optimised if the stored codes are chosen to be orthogonal. However, such a choice will not often be possible and so a new neural network architecture is proposed which enables the same discrimination to be obtained for arbitrary stored codes. The most efficient convergence of the synchronous Little-Hopfield net is obtained when the neurons are connected to themselves with a weight equal to the number of stored codes. The processing gain is presented for this case. The paper goes on to show how this modelling technique can be extended to analyse the behaviour of both hard and soft neural threshold responses and a novel time-dependent threshold response is described

Error correction in ensemble registers for quantum repeaters and quantum computers

We propose to use a collective excitation blockade mechanism to identify errors that occur due to disturbances of single atoms in ensemble quantum registers where qubits are stored in the collective population of different internal atomic states. A simple error correction procedure and a simple decoherence-free encoding of ensemble qubits in the hyperfine states of alkali atoms are presented.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

A programme to determine the exact interior of any connected digital picture

Region filling is one of the most important and fundamental operations in computer graphics and image processing. Many filling algorithms and their implementations are based on the Euclidean geometry, which are then translated into computational models moving carelessly from the continuous to the finite discrete space of the computer. The consequences of this approach is that most implementations fail when tested for challenging degenerate and nearly degenerate regions. We present a correct integer-only procedure that works for all connected digital pictures. It finds all possible interior points, which are then displayed and stored in a locating matrix. Namely, we present a filling and locating procedure that can be used in computer graphics and image processing applications