Galileo in Maritime Applications

The past decade has seen the continued growth of GPS and its many different applications. The European Union and the European Space Agency has announced the development of the European Global Navigation Satellite System - Galileo. Clearly acceptance of additional satellite systems into markets that successfully use GPS will require identification of those key areas where Galileo is capable of providing added-value, either standalone or more likely as a component of an overall integrated suite of navigation systems. These key areas are often termed the key differentiators for Galileo. This paper introduces three projects; GALEWAT, MARGAL and GEM. The GALEWAT project is fully funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), while MARGAL is 50% co-funded and GEM fully funded by the European Union (EU) through the Sixth Framework Research and Development Programme which is being administered on behalf of the EU by the Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU). The overall aim of all three projects is to raise awareness of Galileo. GALEWAT is a project running since 05/2003 with the focus of demonstration the feasibility of the introduction of EGNOS in the upcoming River Information Services (RIS). The MARGAL project focuses on the maritime use of Galileo, whereas GEM is concerned with the standardization of Galileo as part of the World Wide Radio-Navigation Service (WWRNS) as well as performance requirements and testing standards for Galileo receivers; both projects are running over a two-year period, commencing from early 2004. This paper aims to provide an introduction to, and an overview of these projects, informing the reader where they may benefit from the introduction of Galileo. The paper starts by reviewing the perceived benefits of Galileo and demonstrates, through the use of a third party software model, where Galileo will benefit the mariner. The GALEWAT project has analysed the technical feasibility and performance of the introduction of EGNOS in upcoming River Information Services, while the aim of MARGAL is twofold: the demonstration of an end-to-end value added navigation services in the inland waterway domain as well as for port approach and harbour navigation in the maritime domain. For MARGAL, this paper reports on the development of a measurement program to identify where Galileo has the potential to benefit the mariner along with the development of the MARGAL system for harmonised navigation. Finally this paper also details work on the lengthy standardisation procedure that is being undertaken as part of the GEM project. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 779-787). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation

Analysis Of Possible Authentication Strategies For The Automated Identification System

Automatic Identification System, commonly known as AIS, is a maritime communication system that is used to keep track of positions and activities of ships. It is widely implemented all around the world, and mandated on vessels over a certain size according to the International Maritime Organization. It is a signal broadcast over radio frequencies that contains ship characteristics, position, speed, and other information. AIS is also being implemented in aids to navigation, supplementing and in some cases replacing traditional aids such as lighthouses and buoys. The protocol standard contains no security, leaving AIS vulnerable to spoofing, hijacking, and denial of service attacks. This paper explores the possible consequences of AIS exploitation, as well as options to mitigate risk. Digital signature authentication of AIS signals is examined with particular attention paid to the feasibility and challenges of wide scale implementation. Ultimately the potential benefits of digital signature authentication are considered to be outweighed by the challenges of implementation

Selected Papers from the 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea

This Special Issue is devoted to recent developments in instrumentation and measurement techniques applied to the marine field. ¶The sea is the medium that has allowed people to travel from one continent to another using vessels, even today despite the use of aircraft. It has also been acting as a great reservoir and source of food for all living beings. However, for many generations, it served as a landfill for depositing conventional and nuclear wastes, especially in its deep seabeds, and we are assisting in a race to exploit minerals and resources, different from foods, encompassed in it. Its health is a great challenge for the survival of all humanity since it is one of the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. ¶ As everyone may know, measuring is a step that generates substantial knowledge about a phenomenon or an asset, which is the basis for proposing correct solutions and making proper decisions. However, measurements in the sea environment pose unique difficulties and opportunities, which is made clear from the research results presented in this Special Issue

AI-Aided Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial 6G Solutions for Sustainable Maritime Networking

The maritime industry is experiencing a technological revolution that affects shipbuilding, operation of both seagoing and inland vessels, cargo management, and working practices in harbors. This ongoing transformation is driven by the ambition to make the ecosystem more sustainable and cost-efficient. Digitalization and automation help achieve these goals by transforming shipping and cruising into a much more cost- and energy-efficient and decarbonized industry segment. The key enablers in these processes are always-available connectivity and content delivery services, which can not only aid shipping companies in improving their operational efficiency and reducing carbon emissions, but also contribute to enhanced crew welfare and passenger experience. Due to recent advancements in integrating high-capacity and ultra-reliable terrestrial and non-terrestrial networking technologies, ubiquitous maritime connectivity is becoming a reality. To cope with the increased complexity of managing these integrated systems, this article advocates the use of artificial intelligence and machine-learning-based approaches to meet the service requirements and energy efficiency targets in various maritime communications scenarios.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe