Extended Spiking Neural P systems with Excitatory and Inhibitory Astrocytes

We investigate an extended model of spiking neural P systems incorporating astrocytes and their excitatory or inhibitory influence on axons between neurons. Using very restricted variants of extended spiking neural P systems with excitatory and inhibitory astrocytes we can easily model Boolean gates like NAND-gates as well as discrete amplifiers

Spiking Neural P Systems with Functional Astrocytes

Spiking Neural P Systems (SN P Systems, for short) is a developing field within the universe of P Systems. New variants arise constantly as the study of their properties, such as computational completeness and computational efficiency, grows. Variants frequently incorporate new ingredients into the original model inspired by real neurophysiological structure of the brain. A singular element present within that structure is the astrocyte. Astrocytes, also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. In this paper, a new variant of Spiking Neural P Systems incorporating astrocytes is introduced. These astrocytes are modelled as computing devices capable of performing function computation in a single computation step. In order to experimentally study the action of Spiking Neural P Systems with astrocytes, it is necessary to develop software providing the required simulation tools. Within this trend, P– Lingua offers a standard language for the definition of P Systems. Part of the same software project, pLinguaCore library provides particular implementations of parsers and simulators for the models specified in P–Lingua. Along with the new SN P System variant with astrocytes, an extension of the P–Lingua language allowing definition of these systems is presented in this paper, as well as an upgrade of pLinguaCore, including a parser and a simulator that supports the aforementioned variant.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2009–13192Junta de Andalucía P08-TIC-0420

Spiking Neural P Systems

Spiking neural P systems are a class of distributed and parallel computing models inspired by the neurophysiological behavior of neurons sending electrical impulses (spikes) along axons to other neurons. In this thesis, we consider that the spiking neural P systems are universal even if the systems work in limited asynchronous mode. And we also investigated different variants of spiking neural P systems with other additional features, such as the axon functioning, the growth of dendritic trees in neurons, the positive or negative weights on synapses, and the astrocytes having excitatory and inhibitory influence on synapses.UBL - phd migration 201

Simulating FRSN P Systems with Real Numbers in P-Lingua on sequential and CUDA platforms

Fuzzy Reasoning Spiking Neural P systems (FRSN P systems, for short) is a variant of Spiking Neural P systems incorporating fuzzy logic elements that make it suitable to model fuzzy diagnosis knowledge and reasoning required for fault diagnosis applications. In this sense, several FRSN P system variants have been proposed, dealing with real numbers, trapezoidal numbers, weights, etc. The model incorporating real numbers was the first introduced [13], presenting promising applications in the field of fault diagnosis of electrical systems. For this variant, a matrix-based algorithm was provided which, when executed on parallel computing platforms, fully exploits the model maximally parallel capacities. In this paper we introduce a P-Lingua framework extension to parse and simulate FRSN P systems with real numbers. Two simulators, implementing a variant of the original matrix-based simulation algorithm, are provided: a sequential one (written in Java), intended to run on traditional CPUs, and a parallel one, intended to run on CUDAenabled devices.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2012-3743

Computational Astrocyence: Astrocytes encode inhibitory activity into the frequency and spatial extent of their calcium elevations

Deciphering the complex interactions between neurotransmission and astrocytic $Ca^{2+}$ elevations is a target promising a comprehensive understanding of brain function. While the astrocytic response to excitatory synaptic activity has been extensively studied, how inhibitory activity results to intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ waves remains elusive. In this study, we developed a compartmental astrocytic model that exhibits distinct levels of responsiveness to inhibitory activity. Our model suggested that the astrocytic coverage of inhibitory terminals defines the spatial and temporal scale of their $Ca^{2+}$ elevations. Understanding the interplay between the synaptic pathways and the astrocytic responses will help us identify how astrocytes work independently and cooperatively with neurons, in health and disease.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI '19

Spiking Neural P Systems with Addition/Subtraction Computing on Synapses

Spiking neural P systems (SN P systems, for short) are a class of distributed and parallel computing models inspired from biological spiking neurons. In this paper, we introduce a variant called SN P systems with addition/subtraction computing on synapses (CSSN P systems). CSSN P systems are inspired and motivated by the shunting inhibition of biological synapses, while incorporating ideas from dynamic graphs and networks. We consider addition and subtraction operations on synapses, and prove that CSSN P systems are computationally universal as number generators, under a normal form (i.e. a simplifying set of restrictions)

Meta-Potentiation: Neuro-Astroglial Interactions Supporting Perceptual Consciousness

Conscious perceptual processing involves the sequential activation of cortical networks at several brain locations, and the onset of oscillatory synchrony affecting the same neuronal population. How do the earlier activated circuits sustain their excitation to synchronize with the later ones? We call such a sustaining process "meta-potentiation", and propose that it depends on neuro-astroglial interactions. In our proposed model, attentional cholinergic and stimulus-related glutamatergic inputs to astroglia elicit the release of astroglial glutamate to bind with neuronal NMDA receptors containing the NR2B subunit. Once calcium channels are open, slow inward currents activate the CaM/CaMKII complex to phosphorylate AMPA receptors in a population of neurons connected with the astrocyte, thus amplifying the local excitatory pattern to participate in a larger synchronized assembly that supports consciousness