9,694 research outputs found
Measurement scheme for the Lamb shift in a superconducting circuit with broadband environment
Motivated by recent experiments on quantum mechanical charge pumping in a
Cooper pair sluice, we present a measurement scheme for observing shifts of
transition frequencies in two-level quantum systems induced by broadband
environmental fluctuations. In contrast to quantum optical and related set-ups
based on cavities, the impact of a thermal phase reservoir is considered. A
thorough analysis of Lamb and Stark shifts within weak-coupling master
equations is complemented by non-perturbative results for the model of an
exactly solvable harmonic system. The experimental protocol to measure the Lamb
shift in experimentally feasible superconducting circuits is analysed in detail
and supported by numerical simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Dynamics of multiply charged ions in intense laser fields
We numerically investigate the dynamics of multiply charged hydrogenic ions
in near-optical linearly polarized laser fields with intensities of order 10^16
to 10^17 W/cm^2. Depending on the charge state Z of the ion the relation of
strength between laser field and ionic core changes. We find around Z=12
typical multiphoton dynamics and for Z=3 tunneling behaviour, however with
clear relativistic signatures. In first order in v/c the magnetic field
component of the laser field induces a Z-dependent drift in the laser
propagation direction and a substantial Z-dependent angular momentum with
repect to the ionic core. While spin oscillations occur already in first order
in v/c as described by the Pauli equation, spin induced forces via spin orbit
coupling only appear in the parameter regime where (v/c)^2 corrections are
significant. In this regime for Z=12 ions we show strong splittings of resonant
spectral lines due to spin-orbit coupling and substantial corrections to the
conventional Stark shift due to the relativistic mass shift while those to the
Darwin term are shown to be small. For smaller charges or higher laser
intensities, parts of the electronic wavepacket may tunnel through the
potential barrier of the ionic core, and when recombining are shown to give
rise to keV harmonics in the radiation spectrum. Some parts of the wavepacket
do not recombine after ionisation and we find very energetic electrons in the
weakly relativistic regime of above threshold ionization.Comment: submitte
Heavy quarkonium correlators at finite temperature: QCD sum rule approach
We investigate the properties of heavy quarkonia at finite temperature in
detail using QCD sum rules. Extending previous analyses, we take into account a
temperature dependent effective continuum threshold and derive constraints on
the mass, the width, and the varying effective continuum threshold. We find
that at least one of these quantities of a charmonium changes abruptly in the
vicinity of the phase transition. We also calculate the ratio of the imaginary
time correlator to its reconstructed one, , by constructing a
model spectral function and compare it to the corresponding lattice QCD
results. We demonstrate that the almost constant unity of
can be obtained from the destructive interplay of the changes in each part of
the spectral modification which are extracted from QCD sum rules.Comment: Revised version to appear in PRD. 31 pages, 31 figures. Title is
change
Exact numerical methods for a many-body Wannier Stark system
We present exact methods for the numerical integration of the Wannier-Stark
system in a many-body scenario including two Bloch bands. Our ab initio
approaches allow for the treatment of a few-body problem with bosonic
statistics and strong interparticle interaction. The numerical implementation
is based on the Lanczos algorithm for the diagonalization of large, but sparse
symmetric Floquet matrices. We analyze the scheme efficiency in terms of the
computational time, which is shown to scale polynomially with the size of the
system. The numerically computed eigensystem is applied to the analysis of the
Floquet Hamiltonian describing our problem. We show that this allows, for
instance, for the efficient detection and characterization of avoided crossings
and their statistical analysis. We finally compare the efficiency of our
Lanczos diagonalization for computing the temporal evolution of our many-body
system with an explicit fourth order Runge-Kutta integration. Both
implementations heavily exploit efficient matrix-vector multiplication schemes.
Our results should permit an extrapolation of the applicability of exact
methods to increasing sizes of generic many-body quantum problems with bosonic
statistics
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with quantum gas microscopes
Quantum gas microscopes are a promising tool to study interacting quantum
many-body systems and bridge the gap between theoretical models and real
materials. So far they were limited to measurements of instantaneous
correlation functions of the form , even though
extensions to frequency-resolved response functions would provide important information about the elementary
excitations in a many-body system. For example, single particle spectral
functions, which are usually measured using photoemission experiments in
electron systems, contain direct information about fractionalization and the
quasiparticle excitation spectrum. Here, we propose a measurement scheme to
experimentally access the momentum and energy resolved spectral function in a
quantum gas microscope with currently available techniques. As an example for
possible applications, we numerically calculate the spectrum of a single hole
excitation in one-dimensional models with isotropic and anisotropic
antiferromagnetic couplings. A sharp asymmetry in the distribution of spectral
weight appears when a hole is created in an isotropic Heisenberg spin chain.
This effect slowly vanishes for anisotropic spin interactions and disappears
completely in the case of pure Ising interactions. The asymmetry strongly
depends on the total magnetization of the spin chain, which can be tuned in
experiments with quantum gas microscopes. An intuitive picture for the observed
behavior is provided by a slave-fermion mean field theory. The key properties
of the spectra are visible at currently accessible temperatures.Comment: 16+7 pages, 10+2 figure
Two-photon coherent control of femtosecond photoassociation
Photoassociation with short laser pulses has been proposed as a technique to
create ultracold ground state molecules. A broad-band excitation seems the
natural choice to drive the series of excitation and deexcitation steps
required to form a molecule in its vibronic ground state from two scattering
atoms. First attempts at femtosecond photoassociation were, however, hampered
by the requirement to eliminate the atomic excitation leading to trap
depletion. On the other hand, molecular levels very close to the atomic
transition are to be excited. The broad bandwidth of a femtosecond laser then
appears to be rather an obstacle. To overcome the ostensible conflict of
driving a narrow transition by a broad-band laser, we suggest a two-photon
photoassociation scheme. In the weak-field regime, a spectral phase pattern can
be employed to eliminate the atomic line. When the excitation is carried out by
more than one photon, different pathways in the field can be interfered
constructively or destructively. In the strong-field regime, a temporal phase
can be applied to control dynamic Stark shifts. The atomic transition is
suppressed by choosing a phase which keeps the levels out of resonance. We
derive analytical solutions for atomic two-photon dark states in both the
weak-field and strong-field regime. Two-photon excitation may thus pave the way
toward coherent control of photoassociation. Ultimately, the success of such a
scheme will depend on the details of the excited electronic states and
transition dipole moments. We explore the possibility of two-photon femtosecond
photoassociation for alkali and alkaline-earth metal dimers and present a
detailed study for the example of calcium
- âŠ