Hydrodynamic Luminescence in a Model Diesel Injector Return Valve

A sample of unadditized diesel fuel was passed through an optically accessible model diesel injector return valve, which consisted of two successive nozzles connected to an intermediate fuel gallery. The first nozzle was cylindrical, while the second nozzle was stepped. The fuel was observed to produce a multi-phase, cavitating flow and a luminous blue-violet emission at the entrance to the second nozzle hole. The flow in the upstream intermediate fuel gallery and the first nozzle hole remained single-phase. Spectral analysis of the luminous emission revealed a spectrum with thermal features containing broad spectral lines and peaks at 358 nm, 389 nm, 405 nm, 412 nm, 430 nm and 475 nm, suggesting that the emission was dominated by π* → π transitions in the alkylated mono-, di-, and tri-aromatics, with additional spectral contributions from CH, C2, C3 and hydrogen (H)

Index to 1984 NASA Tech Briefs, volume 9, numbers 1-4

Short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of NASA are presented. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This index for 1984 Tech B Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes: subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief Number. The following areas are covered: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOMOLECULES USING HPLC COUPLED TO ICP-MS AND ESI-MS

The work described within this thesis explores the use of HPLC coupled with ICPMS and ESI-MS in order to develop novel methods which overcome specific analytical challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. A membrane desolvation interface has been evaluated for coupling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Desolvation of the sample prior to reaching the plasma was shown to facilitate a versatile coupling of the two instrumental techniques, enabling chromatographic eluents containing up to 100 % organic to be used. This interface also allowed gradient elution to be used with ICP-MS. Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium propylamine bromide (TMPP) was used for the derivatisation of maleic, fumaric, sorbic and salicylic acids to facilitate determination by HPLC-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESIMS/ MS) in positive ion mode. Improvements in detection limits post-derivatisation were achieved, and this method was successfully used for the determination of sorbic acid in a sample of Panadol™. HPLC coupled with sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) has been used for the determination of maleic, sorbic and fumaric acids after derivatisation with TMPP. This allowed 31P+ selective detection to be performed for these compounds, which are normally undetectable by ICP-MS. Optimal reagent conditions for the derivatisation of 0.1 mM maleic acid were: 1 mM TMPP; 10 mM 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide (CMPI); 11 mM triethylamine. The efficiency of the derivatisation reaction was estimated to be between 10-20%. Detection limits, estimated as 3 times baseline noise, were 0.046 nmol for TMPP and 0.25 nmol for derivatised maleic acid, for a 5 f.JL injection. Following on from this, a novel derivatising reagent, tris(3,5-dibromo-2,4,6- trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium propylamine bromide (BrTMPP), was synthesised and subsequently characterised by proton NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. This was utilised to derivatise maleic acid, with a 9-fold increase in sensitivity gained when analysed by bromine selective detection as apposed to phosphorus selective ICP-MS. This derivatising reagent (BrTMPP) was also utilised to determine the degree of phosphorylation on phosphorylated peptides. A phosphorus containing carboxylic acid was successfully derivatised and the correct Br:P ratio was determined for this compound by ICP-MS. However, phosphorylated peptides were not successfully derivatised by BrTMPP. A combination of UV and phosphorus selective ICP-MS was also used to distinguish between phosphorylated and un-phosphorylated peptides after HPLC separation.GlaxoSmithKiin

Index to NASA Tech Briefs, January - June 1966

Index to NASA technological innovations for January-June 196

Index to 1981 NASA Tech Briefs, volume 6, numbers 1-4

Short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of NASA are presented. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This index for 1981 Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes: subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief Number. The following areas are covered: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

Materials Characterization and Microelectronic Implementation of Metal-insulator Transition Materials and Phase Change Materials

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, and germanium telluride (GeTe) is a phase change material (PCM), both of which undergo several orders of magnitude increase in electrical conductivity from room temperature to their transition temperatures. They are candidates for many important technologies, including ultra-fast electronic memory, optical switches and filters, and active layers in terahertz metamaterials, among others. The physical mechanisms causing the phase transitions in these materials are explained and investigated experimentally. These materials were incorporated into six types of microelectronic devices, which were designed, fabricated, and tested at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Additionally, these materials were investigated by materials characterization methods spanning the majority of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results show a most suitable applicability to electronic radio frequency (RF) switches, terahertz (THz) modulators, and phase change random access memory (PCRAM). Simple RF switches had 2 dB insertion losses and 30 dB of isolation, THz transmittance modulation of up to 99.5%, and PCRAM cells with threshold electric fields of approximately 1 V/ m

NASA Tech Briefs Index, 1978

Approximately 601 announcements of new technology derived from the research and development activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are presented. Emphasis is placed on information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines. Subject matter covered includes: electronic components and circuits; electron systems; physical sciences; materials; life sciences; mechanics; machinery; fabrication technology; and mathematics and information sciences

Innovative analytical methods for the study of low and high weight molecules involved in diseases.

Personalized or precision medicine is an emerging approach to the treatment and prevention of disease, which takes into account the individual variability of genes, environment and lifestyles of each person. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) plays a fundamental role in characterizing and quantifying proteins and metabolites involved in the disease. The proteomic and metabolomic approaches allow the global identification, not guided by a priori hypothesis, of thousands of proteins and hundreds of metabolites present in a biological fluid and the evaluation of how these can vary in the presence of a specific disease compared to a non-pathological condition, allowing to characterize and discriminate between different study groups. In the first part PhD project has been studied the proteomic profile of autoinflammatory diseases to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying genetic diseases. Here, we analyzed the proteomic signature of unstimulated and stimulated monocytes of patients with FMF, TRAPS and MKD, describing the dysregulated intracellular pathways associated with each condition for the identification of possible biomarkers and possible novel therapeutic targets. The objective of the second part of the project is to build, optimize and share spectral MSMS with Accurate Mass Retention Time (AMRT) database libraries, using different metabolic standards (MSMLS, IROA Technologies), involved in key biological processes, to develop robust identification and quantitative methods because the compound identification process being often challenging and requiring a high degree of confidence