2,943 research outputs found
Some counterexamples in the partition calculus
We show that the pairs (2-element subsets; edges of the complete graph) of a set of cardinality â”1 can be colored with 4 colors so that every uncountable subset contains pairs of every color, and that the pairs of real numbers can be colored with â”0 colors so that every set of reals of cardinality 2â”0 contains pairs of every color. These results are counterexamples to certain transfinite analogs of Ramsey's theorem. Results of this kind were obtained previously by SierpiĆski and by Erdös, Hajnal, and Rado. The Erdös-Hajnal-Rado result is much stronger than ours, but they used the continuum hypothesis and we do not. As by-products, we get an uncountable tournament with no uncountable transitive subtournament, and an uncountable partially ordered set such that every uncountable subset contains an infinite antichain and a chain isomorphic to the rationals. The tournament was pointed out to us by R. Laver, and is included with his permission
Algebraic Properties of Qualitative Spatio-Temporal Calculi
Qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning is based on so-called qualitative
calculi. Algebraic properties of these calculi have several implications on
reasoning algorithms. But what exactly is a qualitative calculus? And to which
extent do the qualitative calculi proposed meet these demands? The literature
provides various answers to the first question but only few facts about the
second. In this paper we identify the minimal requirements to binary
spatio-temporal calculi and we discuss the relevance of the according axioms
for representation and reasoning. We also analyze existing qualitative calculi
and provide a classification involving different notions of a relation algebra.Comment: COSIT 2013 paper including supplementary materia
Random matrix techniques in quantum information theory
The purpose of this review article is to present some of the latest
developments using random techniques, and in particular, random matrix
techniques in quantum information theory. Our review is a blend of a rather
exhaustive review, combined with more detailed examples -- coming from research
projects in which the authors were involved. We focus on two main topics,
random quantum states and random quantum channels. We present results related
to entropic quantities, entanglement of typical states, entanglement
thresholds, the output set of quantum channels, and violations of the minimum
output entropy of random channels
Low entropy output states for products of random unitary channels
In this paper, we study the behaviour of the output of pure entangled states
after being transformed by a product of conjugate random unitary channels. This
study is motivated by the counterexamples by Hastings and Hayden-Winter to the
additivity problems. In particular, we study in depth the difference of
behaviour between random unitary channels and generic random channels. In the
case where the number of unitary operators is fixed, we compute the limiting
eigenvalues of the output states. In the case where the number of unitary
operators grows linearly with the dimension of the input space, we show that
the eigenvalue distribution converges to a limiting shape that we characterize
with free probability tools. In order to perform the required computations, we
need a systematic way of dealing with moment problems for random matrices whose
blocks are i.i.d. Haar distributed unitary operators. This is achieved by
extending the graphical Weingarten calculus introduced in Collins and Nechita
(2010)
Gaussianization and eigenvalue statistics for random quantum channels (III)
In this paper, we present applications of the calculus developed in Collins
and Nechita [Comm. Math. Phys. 297 (2010) 345-370] and obtain an exact formula
for the moments of random quantum channels whose input is a pure state thanks
to Gaussianization methods. Our main application is an in-depth study of the
random matrix model introduced by Hayden and Winter [Comm. Math. Phys. 284
(2008) 263-280] and used recently by Brandao and Horodecki [Open Syst. Inf.
Dyn. 17 (2010) 31-52] and Fukuda and King [J. Math. Phys. 51 (2010) 042201] to
refine the Hastings counterexample to the additivity conjecture in quantum
information theory. This model is exotic from the point of view of random
matrix theory as its eigenvalues obey two different scalings simultaneously. We
study its asymptotic behavior and obtain an asymptotic expansion for its von
Neumann entropy.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AAP722 the Annals of
Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Incompleteness of States w.r.t. Traces in Model Checking
Cousot and Cousot introduced and studied a general past/future-time
specification language, called mu*-calculus, featuring a natural time-symmetric
trace-based semantics. The standard state-based semantics of the mu*-calculus
is an abstract interpretation of its trace-based semantics, which turns out to
be incomplete (i.e., trace-incomplete), even for finite systems. As a
consequence, standard state-based model checking of the mu*-calculus is
incomplete w.r.t. trace-based model checking. This paper shows that any
refinement or abstraction of the domain of sets of states induces a
corresponding semantics which is still trace-incomplete for any propositional
fragment of the mu*-calculus. This derives from a number of results, one for
each incomplete logical/temporal connective of the mu*-calculus, that
characterize the structure of models, i.e. transition systems, whose
corresponding state-based semantics of the mu*-calculus is trace-complete
- âŠ