16,165 research outputs found
Model validation for a noninvasive arterial stenosis detection problem
Copyright @ 2013 American Institute of Mathematical SciencesA current thrust in medical research is the development of a non-invasive method for detection, localization, and characterization of an arterial stenosis (a blockage or partial blockage in an artery). A method has been proposed to detect shear waves in the chest cavity which have been generated by disturbances in the blood flow resulting from a stenosis. In order to develop this methodology further, we use both one-dimensional pressure and shear wave experimental data from novel acoustic phantoms to validate corresponding viscoelastic mathematical models, which were developed in a concept paper [8] and refined herein. We estimate model parameters which give a good fit (in a sense to be precisely defined) to the experimental data, and use asymptotic error theory to provide confidence intervals for parameter estimates. Finally, since a robust error model is necessary for accurate parameter estimates and confidence analysis, we include a comparison of absolute and relative models for measurement error.The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Deopartment of Education and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
ACCESS-2: Approximation Concepts Code for Efficient Structural Synthesis, user's guide
A user's guide is presented for the ACCESS-2 computer program. ACCESS-2 is a research oriented program which implements a collection of approximation concepts to achieve excellent efficiency in structural synthesis. The finite element method is used for structural analysis and general mathematical programming algorithms are applied in the design optimization procedure
Integral-Balance Solution to the Stokes' First Problem of a Viscoelastic Generalized Second Grade Fluid
Integral balance solution employing entire domain approximation and the
penetration dept concept to the Stokes' first problem of a viscoelastic
generalized second grade fluid has been developed. The solution has been
performed by a parabolic profile with an unspecified exponent allowing
optimization through minimization of the norm over the domain of the
penetration depth. The closed form solution explicitly defines two
dimensionless similarity variables and, responsible for the viscous and the
elastic responses of the fluid to the step jump at the boundary. The solution
was developed with three forms of the governing equation through its two
dimensional forms (the main solution and example 1) and the dimensionless
version showing various sides of the flow field and how the dimensionless
groups control it: mainly the effect of the Deborah number. Numerical
simulations demonstrating the effect of the various operating parameter and
fluid properties on the developed flow filed have been performed.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures; in press Thermal Science, volume 16, 2012, issue
Material parameter estimation and hypothesis testing on a 1D viscoelastic stenosis model: Methodology
This is the post-print version of the final published paper that is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH.Non-invasive detection, localization and characterization of an arterial stenosis (a blockage or partial blockage in the artery) continues to be an important problem in medicine. Partial blockage stenoses are known to generate disturbances in blood flow which generate shear waves in the chest cavity. We examine a one-dimensional viscoelastic model that incorporates Kelvin–Voigt damping and internal variables, and develop a proof-of-concept methodology using simulated data. We first develop an estimation procedure for the material parameters. We use this procedure to determine confidence intervals for the estimated parameters, which indicates the efficacy of finding parameter estimates in practice. Confidence intervals are computed using asymptotic error theory as well as bootstrapping. We then develop a model comparison test to be used in determining if a particular data set came from a low input amplitude or a high input amplitude; this we anticipate will aid in determining when stenosis is present. These two thrusts together will serve as the methodological basis for our continuing analysis using experimental data currently being collected.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Department of Education, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
A design principle for vascular beds: the effects of complex blood rheology
We propose a design principle that extends Murray's original optimization principle for vascular architecture to account for complex blood rheology. Minimization of an energy dissipation function enables us to determine how rheology affects the morphology of simple branching networks. The behavior of various physical quantities associated with the networks, such as the wall shear stress and the flow velocity, is also determined. Our results are shown to be qualitatively and quantitatively compatible with independent experimental observations and simulations
Design and development of techniques for fabrication of cryogenic tank support structures for long term storage in space flights Final report
Design optimization and fabrication of conical support structure for cryogenic tank in long duration space fligh
Cutting edge: back to "one-way" germinal centers
The present status of germinal center (GC) research is revisited using in silico simulations based on recent lymphocyte motility data in mice. The generally adopted view of several rounds of somatic hypermutations and positive selection is analyzed with special emphasis on the spatial organization of the GC reaction. We claim that the development of dark zones is not necessary for successful GC reactions to develop. We find that a recirculation of positively selected centrocytes to the dark zone is rather unlikely. Instead we propose a scenario that combines a multiple-step mutation and selection concept with a "one-way" GC in the sense of cell migration
ACCESS 3. Approximation concepts code for efficient structural synthesis: User's guide
A user's guide is presented for ACCESS-3, a research oriented program which combines dual methods and a collection of approximation concepts to achieve excellent efficiency in structural synthesis. The finite element method is used for structural analysis and dual algorithms of mathematical programming are applied in the design optimization procedure. This program retains all of the ACCESS-2 capabilities and the data preparation formats are fully compatible. Four distinct optimizer options were added: interior point penalty function method (NEWSUMT); second order primal projection method (PRIMAL2); second order Newton-type dual method (DUAL2); and first order gradient projection-type dual method (DUAL1). A pure discrete and mixed continuous-discrete design variable capability, and zero order approximation of the stress constraints are also included
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation in Field Development
Imperial Users onl
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