Constant-Delay Enumeration for Nondeterministic Document Spanners

We consider the information extraction framework known as document spanners, and study the problem of efficiently computing the results of the extraction from an input document, where the extraction task is described as a sequential variable-set automaton (VA). We pose this problem in the setting of enumeration algorithms, where we can first run a preprocessing phase and must then produce the results with a small delay between any two consecutive results. Our goal is to have an algorithm which is tractable in combined complexity, i.e., in the sizes of the input document and the VA; while ensuring the best possible data complexity bounds in the input document size, i.e., constant delay in the document size. Several recent works at PODS'18 proposed such algorithms but with linear delay in the document size or with an exponential dependency in size of the (generally nondeterministic) input VA. In particular, Florenzano et al. suggest that our desired runtime guarantees cannot be met for general sequential VAs. We refute this and show that, given a nondeterministic sequential VA and an input document, we can enumerate the mappings of the VA on the document with the following bounds: the preprocessing is linear in the document size and polynomial in the size of the VA, and the delay is independent of the document and polynomial in the size of the VA. The resulting algorithm thus achieves tractability in combined complexity and the best possible data complexity bounds. Moreover, it is rather easy to describe, in particular for the restricted case of so-called extended VAs. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm empirically using a prototype implementation.Comment: 29 pages. Extended version of arXiv:1807.09320. Integrates all corrections following reviewer feedback. Outside of some minor formatting differences and tweaks, this paper is the same as the paper to appear in the ACM TODS journa

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2001, nr 4

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Digital Fairness for Consumers

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Digital Fairness for Consumers

The authors hope to initiate a broader discussion on what digital fairness might mean andhow digital fairness can be anchored in the EU consumer law. Limiting digital fairness to threepieces of EU legislation is certainly not a promising avenue. The EU Digital Policy Legislationcuts across the consumer law acquis as a whole and would require to evaluate each and everypiece of the consumer law acquis. The question to be studied is whether the European con -sumer law acquis, which was developed under a political agenda which dates back to thefamous Kennedy Declaration 1962 and a different industrial economy, can handle the risksand problems consumers might face in the exponentially developing digital economy, whichreaches beyond the linear thinking of human mankind. In that sense, the findings should beunderstood as the first building block in an ongoing process to find appropriate answers notonly for consumer protection but for society at large.The authors propose to discuss the possible implications of the findings with a view to devel-oping a ‘Digital Fairness Act

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