13,936 research outputs found
Social Network Intelligence Analysis to Combat Street Gang Violence
In this paper we introduce the Organization, Relationship, and Contact
Analyzer (ORCA) that is designed to aide intelligence analysis for law
enforcement operations against violent street gangs. ORCA is designed to
address several police analytical needs concerning street gangs using new
techniques in social network analysis. Specifically, it can determine "degree
of membership" for individuals who do not admit to membership in a street gang,
quickly identify sets of influential individuals (under the tipping model), and
identify criminal ecosystems by decomposing gangs into sub-groups. We describe
this software and the design decisions considered in building an intelligence
analysis tool created specifically for countering violent street gangs as well
as provide results based on conducting analysis on real-world police data
provided by a major American metropolitan police department who is partnering
with us and currently deploying this system for real-world use
Assessing New York City's Youth Gun Violence Crisis: Crews - Volume III - Responding to the Problem: Coordinating a Continuum of Services
The success or failure of community strategies to address the youth gun violence crisis is often attributed in part to how well the problem is understood and diagnosed. With support from The New York Community Trust, the Crime Commission has undertaken an analysis of youth gun violence and crew activity -- violent turf rivalries among less-organized, smaller and normally younger groups than traditional gangs -- in select New York City communities. Our initial findings from available data, existing research and interviews with stakeholders are presented in a series of papers titled, Assessing New York City's Youth Gun Violence Crisis: Crews
Early Identification of Violent Criminal Gang Members
Gang violence is a major problem in the United States accounting for a large
fraction of homicides and other violent crime. In this paper, we study the
problem of early identification of violent gang members. Our approach relies on
modified centrality measures that take into account additional data of the
individuals in the social network of co-arrestees which together with other
arrest metadata provide a rich set of features for a classification algorithm.
We show our approach obtains high precision and recall (0.89 and 0.78
respectively) in the case where the entire network is known and out-performs
current approaches used by law-enforcement to the problem in the case where the
network is discovered overtime by virtue of new arrests - mimicking real-world
law-enforcement operations. Operational issues are also discussed as we are
preparing to leverage this method in an operational environment.Comment: SIGKDD 201
Are the Mara Salvatrucha and 18th Street Gangs a Threat to Our National Security
This study focuses on the two predominantly Latino gangs, Mara Salvatrucha (aka MS-13), and
the 18th Street Gang, operating on the streets of communities across America. This study is
significant because it will provide information about how these violent gangs operate in ways
that can inform and alert both civilian society and government agencies concerning optimal
responses to the problems created by these gangs. Through a quantitative and qualitative
analysis of documentary evidence and governmental statistics about the Mara Salvatrucha and
18th Street Gang, this study developed several conclusive findings on the negative effects of
these groups in the United States. The Mara Salvatrucha and 18th Street Gang are becoming
transnational criminal organizations, given the fact that they originated in Central America and
Mexico and have since expanded their operations abroad. Despite efforts by national and
international law enforcement to curtail these gangs’ criminal behaviors, they maintain their ties
with their gang associates in these countries. Moreover, gang members engage in criminal
activities that were highly organized. They also moved through networks that continued to gain
sophistication. Drug trafficking, gun running, violence, robbery, extortion are some of the
heinous crimes committed by these groups. These gangs disturb peace and order in the
community, destroy personal property and endanger the lives of citizens. These two gangs may
establish an organized criminal enterprise capable of coordinating illegal activities across
national borders. Nonetheless, with complete disregard to the laws of this land, including
immigration laws, these groups are considered a threat to the security of the country, but this level is considered comparable to any highly organized street gang that supports its activities
with criminal enterprises. In sum, the dangers posed by Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street
Gang, as well as other comparable criminal organizations should not be underestimated.José A. Ortiz Jr.Skelton, David TGrosskopf, Edmund WDeVere D. WoodsMaster of ScienceDepartment of Criminology and Criminal JusticeCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute, Indiana State University.201205MastersTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 74p. : ill. Includes reference page
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Armed violence and poverty in El Salvador: a mini case study for the Armed Violence and Poverty Initiative
YesThis report on El Salvador is one of 13 case studies (all of the case studies can be found at www.bradford.ac.uk/cics). This research draws upon secondary data sources including existing research studies, reports and evaluations commissioned by operational agencies, and early warning and survey data where this has been available. These secondary sources have been complemented by interviews with government officers, aid policymakers and practitioners, researchers and members of the local population. The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views or policy of DFID or the UK government
Finding Street Gang Members on Twitter
Most street gang members use Twitter to intimidate others, to present
outrageous images and statements to the world, and to share recent illegal
activities. Their tweets may thus be useful to law enforcement agencies to
discover clues about recent crimes or to anticipate ones that may occur.
Finding these posts, however, requires a method to discover gang member Twitter
profiles. This is a challenging task since gang members represent a very small
population of the 320 million Twitter users. This paper studies the problem of
automatically finding gang members on Twitter. It outlines a process to curate
one of the largest sets of verifiable gang member profiles that have ever been
studied. A review of these profiles establishes differences in the language,
images, YouTube links, and emojis gang members use compared to the rest of the
Twitter population. Features from this review are used to train a series of
supervised classifiers. Our classifier achieves a promising F1 score with a low
false positive rate.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Published as a full paper at 2016
IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and
Mining (ASONAM 2016
BALAS Y BARRIOS: AN ANALYSIS OF U.S. DOMESTIC AND REGIONAL ANTI-GANG POLICIES FROM A HUMAN SECURITY PERSPECTIVE
Threats to human security from transnational organized crime (TOC) and gangs have increased since the 1990s in the Americas. The United States implemented the Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime, the U.S. Strategy to Combat the Threat of Criminal Gangs from Central America and Mexico, and the Mérida Initiative in response. This thesis employs a multi-goal policy to evaluate how effectively U.S. policy responses achieved desired outcomes. For comparison, this thesis analyzes the Canadian gang violence strategy, examining what has worked and what has not worked. Findings demonstrate that law enforcement tactics prioritized within the U.S. strategy result in outputs, but they fail to impact gang violence outcomes. Prevention programs, on the other hand, both in Canadian and U.S. strategies, are effective in reducing gang crime and violence but are under-resourced and undervalued in U.S. endeavors. This thesis proposes that a comprehensive approach is better aligned with current expert gang research and more effective in producing desired outcomes. Recommendations include funding the Juvenile Justice Reform Act and rebalancing Mérida funding to support United States Agency for International Development prevention programs; integrating federal, state, and local partnerships through a community coalition council through the Department of Justice; evaluating the Treasury’s TOC designation status; and supporting complementary prevention and rehabilitation.Civilian, Department of Homeland SecurityApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
FROM MAFIA TO VIOLENT EXTREMIST: EXAMINING THE APPLICATION OF THE RICO ACT TO ANTIFA
Factions within Antifa were responsible for criminal activity during the social injustice protests of 2020 in the United States, leading to some arrests. Despite the economic destruction caused nationally during the protests and Antifa’s continual involvement in criminal acts, not much has been done to hold the group accountable. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act offers one potential option to address Antifa. This thesis explores how the RICO statute has been applied to criminal enterprises similar to Antifa and how it might be applied to prosecute Antifa. This thesis uses a combination of two qualitative research methods: legal analysis and case studies. The legal analysis focuses on the RICO Act’s application to non-economic enterprises and the related First Amendment issues involved when the act is applied to protest groups. The case studies focus on the successful application of the RICO Act to other types of criminal enterprises such as criminal street gangs, white supremacist groups, and other non-traditional criminal enterprises. This thesis finds that the RICO Act’s use for non-traditional criminal enterprises has withstood legal challenges, making it a viable option for combating Antifa.Civilian, Los Angeles County Sheriff's DepartmentApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
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