ECONOMY AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Market reforms in the post-socialist countries have brought into sharp focus the problem of interconnection and interaction between the economy and the social environment. The economy is inseparable from politics and the operation of the political system, from the state of the social consciousness, the moral and cultural level of the population and from many other aspects of human life and behavior, in short, from everything that can be described by the concept of social environment. Society in every country is a single organism with closely interconnected and interacting parts and systems. Their conjugation and mutual influence are not always apparent and are often overlooked. It is quite easy to see how changes in policy affect the economy and then trace the feedback effect of the economy on policy. It is more difficult to discern the direct and feedback relationship of the economy with administrative relations, with the state of culture, science, morals and public opinion. Meanwhile, an underestimation of these mutual influences is a frequent cause of failures in socio-economic transformation. It is to be regretted that the reforms in Russia were accompanied by a dangerous disruption not only of the economy, but also of the entire system of social relations. What was primary here and what was secondary? In order to answer this question the paper takes a theoretical look at the problem of interaction between the economy and the social environment.Development Planning and Policy; Economic Development

Physical, Social, and Cultural Environment Determinants Of Filariasis In Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera

Background: Lymphatic filariasis impairs the lymphatic system and can lead to the abnormal enlargement of body parts, causing pain, severe disability and social stigma. According to World Health Organization, in 2000 over 120 million people were infected, with about 40 million disfigured and incapacitated by the disease. Lymphatic filariasis can be eliminated by stopping the spread of infection through preventive chemotherapy with safe medicine combinations repeated annually for at least 5 years. More than 6.7 billion treatments have been delivered to stop the spread of infection since 2000. Tapanuli Tengah district ranked third in the incidence of filariasis in North Sumatera. The total number of filariasis cases was 22 cases. This study aimed to examine the physical, social, economic, and cultural environment determinants of filariasis in Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study carried out in Lumut Maju village, Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera. A total of 23 informants were selected for this study, consisting of filariasis patients, family members, and personnel from the health and related sectors. The dependent variable was filariasis incidence. The independent variables were physical, social, economic, and cultural environments, and the local goverment. The data were collected by indepth interview, direct observation, focus group discussion, and document review. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: The incidence of filariasis is determined by the interaction of host agent environment conditions favorable for the transsmition of filariasis. The physical environment conditions in Lumut Maju village could be described as follows: (1) Several swamps; (2) Several rivers and bushes (3) Some plantations; (4) High humidity of climate. The social, economic, and cultural environment conditions could be described as follows: (1) Common habit of people to go out at night; (2) Rare use of protective work clothes; (3) Low household income; (4) Local belief in mystical things. The local government involvement was as follows: (1) Non existence of regent regulation on infectious diseases control and prevention, including filariasis; (2) Uneven distribution of health workers and health facilities. Conclusion: The incidence of filariasis in Lumut Maju village, Tapanuli Tengah, North Sumatera, is closely related to the conditions of physical, social, economical, and cultural environments, as well as the local goverment policy. Keywords: filariasis, physical, social, economical, cultural environment, local goverment policy

ACCESS CONTROL IN A SOCIAL NETWORKING ENVIRONMENT

Collecting users into groups is a common activity in social networking sites such as Facebook, Google groups, Yahoo groups and many other web applications. This project explores access control techniques for dynamically created groups. The starting point was Yioop [1], a PHP-based search engine. The ability to create social groups was added to Yioop. The Grouping feature is enhanced by adding additional features like: blogs and pages for each individual user and as well as for groups of users. Access control is provided to every group and each user within a group based on the ownership of the group or blog. Adding these features along with the access control techniques allows users to use Yioop as a searchable social networking website. Techniques for automatically adding the access levels to groups and blogs have been explored. Activities like changing the group privacy options and transferring the administrative privileges to users within a group were implemented. Experiments were conducted to compare the access control methods of the existing social networking sites with the access control methods in Yioop and based on the comparisons it can be said that Yioop now includes the basic access control methods that a user likes to have