329,419 research outputs found
Biopower, Disability and Capitalism: Neoliberal Eugenics and the Future of ART Regulation
Discourse around reproductive and contraceptive technology in the United States is typically organized around ideas of autonomy, privacy, and free choice. The dichotomy of âpro-choiceâ and âpro-lifeâ structures all debates on the topic, and the political framework of neoliberalism channels discussion into prepackaged frameworks of cost-benefit analysis and the primacy of free market choice. However, an examination of history and present policy developments paints a different picture. This Note argues that access to and regulation around contraception, abortion, and overall reproductive health and technology has been informed by and continues to interact with ideas of biopower and both positive and negative eugenics, and that neoliberal conceptions of free reproductive choice ignore the implications of this connection.
Part II traces the history of the eugenics movement in America, exemplified by forced and coerced sterilization of people considered mentally or physically âdegenerate,â particularly those confined to institutions, and explores the rhetoric in early contraceptive-focused treatises and court decisions that reflect eugenicist views. Part III analyzes the modern trends on legal access to and regulation of reproductive and contraceptive technology and its interaction with race, socioeconomic status, and, in particular, disability (one of the more anxiety-producing categories of humanity in the neoliberal era). In Part IV, the Note goes on to argue that construction of a rational and compassionate legal framework where a womanâs right to choose is preserved (or revived) and the humanity of disabled persons is also respected is not only possible, but essential.
A truly feminist reproductive framework must be built on justice, not market choice, and must respect both the agency and autonomy of pregnant women and the humanity and individual subjectivity of disabled persons. Policy strategies towards this end will not be easy, but attention to all the intersectional and overlapping factors that affect womenâs reproductive decision-making, especially with regard to disability and reproductive technology, can change the way we view and value disabled personhood in our society
Parameterized Algorithmics for Computational Social Choice: Nine Research Challenges
Computational Social Choice is an interdisciplinary research area involving
Economics, Political Science, and Social Science on the one side, and
Mathematics and Computer Science (including Artificial Intelligence and
Multiagent Systems) on the other side. Typical computational problems studied
in this field include the vulnerability of voting procedures against attacks,
or preference aggregation in multi-agent systems. Parameterized Algorithmics is
a subfield of Theoretical Computer Science seeking to exploit meaningful
problem-specific parameters in order to identify tractable special cases of in
general computationally hard problems. In this paper, we propose nine of our
favorite research challenges concerning the parameterized complexity of
problems appearing in this context
THE RECESSION, BUDGETS, COMPETITION, AND REGULATION: SHOULD THE STATE SUPPLY BESPOKE PROTECTION? RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 12 OCTOBER 2009
Recessions are harsh. Demand declines. Firms shed labour, reduce output or file for bankruptcy. Pressure mounts to reduce prices and increase productivity. Returns decline; margins are squeezed; dividends are suspended. Unemployment increases. Firms seek to delay payments to suppliers, while simultaneously demanding suppliers reduce input prices and extend credit. Carefully assembled workforce teams are broken up. New products and innovations are put on hold. Competition is characterised as cut-throat, destructive and excessive. Faith in markets begins to be questioned
Set-Monotonicity Implies Kelly-Strategyproofness
This paper studies the strategic manipulation of set-valued social choice
functions according to Kelly's preference extension, which prescribes that one
set of alternatives is preferred to another if and only if all elements of the
former are preferred to all elements of the latter. It is shown that
set-monotonicity---a new variant of Maskin-monotonicity---implies
Kelly-strategyproofness in comprehensive subdomains of the linear domain.
Interestingly, there are a handful of appealing Condorcet extensions---such as
the top cycle, the minimal covering set, and the bipartisan set---that satisfy
set-monotonicity even in the unrestricted linear domain, thereby answering
questions raised independently by Barber\`a (1977) and Kelly (1977).Comment: 14 page
Two Economists, Three Opinions? Economic Models for Private International Law - Cross Border Torts as Example
Many agree that private international law does a poor job of leading to good and predictable results. Can law and economics bring more scientific, objective foundations to the discipline? Economics, one may hope, can bring the conclusiveness to the field that doctrine could not. But even a fleeting review of existing studies reveals a discrepancy of views or economic approaches that mirrors the discrepancy in the traditional private international law doctrine. This article sets out to test whether different models lead to different outcomes. It makes arguments in three economic models - a private law model, an international law model, and a model combining the two. The subject area for this analysis is private international law of torts, more specifically the question of the law applicable to cross-border torts. The result is that the debate whether private international law is private law or (public) international law is replicated in the economic analysis of private international law. Rather than resolve problems of private international law, economic analysis reformulates them. This does not make economic analysis useless at all, but it puts into question its promise of objective neutral solutions
Welfare Maximization Entices Participation
We consider randomized mechanisms with optional participation. Preferences
over lotteries are modeled using skew-symmetric bilinear (SSB) utility
functions, a generalization of classic von Neumann-Morgenstern utility
functions. We show that every welfare-maximizing mechanism entices
participation and that the converse holds under additional assumptions. Two
important corollaries of our results are characterizations of an attractive
randomized voting rule that satisfies Condorcet-consistency and entices
participation. This stands in contrast to a well-known result by Moulin (1988),
who proves that no deterministic voting rule can satisfy both properties
simultaneously
Choice and information in the public sector: a Higher Education case study
Successive governments have encouraged the view of users of public services as consumers, choosing between different providers on the basis of information about the quality of service. As part of this approach, prospective students are expected to make their decisions about which universities to apply to with reference to the consumer evaluations provided by the National Student Survey. However, a case study of a post-1992 university showed that not all students made genuine choices and those who did tended to be in stronger social and economic positions. Where choices were made, they were infrequently based on external evaluations of quality
Living with Privatization: At Work and in the Community
Jerry L. Marshaw moderates this panel discussion with Cathlin Baker, Sheryll D. Cashin, John D. Donahue, Hon. Floyd Flake, Eugene W. Harper Jr. and Kerry Korpi
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