Aeronautics and Space Report of the President

The years 1989 to 1990 activities are reported including human space flight, unmanned expendable launch vehicles, space science and applications, space communications operations, space research and technology, and aeronautics research and technology. Contributions made by the 14 participating government organizations are outline. Each organization's aeronautics and/or space activities for the year are presented. The organizations involved include: (1) NASA; (2) Dept. of Defense; (3) Dept. of Commerce; (4) Dept. of Energy; (5) Dept. of the Interior; (6) Dept. of Agriculture; (7) Federal Communications Commission; (8) Dept. of Transportation; (9) Environmental Protection Agency; (10) National Science Foundation; (11) Smithsonian Institution; (12) Dept. of State; (13) Arms Control and Disarmament; and (14) United States Information Agency

Technological Impediments to B2C Electronic Commerce: An Update

In 1999, Rose et al. identified six categories of technological impediments inhibiting the growth of electronic commerce: (1) download delays, (2) interface limitations, (3) search problems, (4) inadequate measures of Web application success, (5) security, and (6) a lack of Internet standards. This paper updates findings in the original paper by surveying the practitioner literature for the five-year period from June 1999 to June 2004. We identify how advances in technology both partially resolve concerns with the original technological impediments, and inhibit their full resolution. We find that, despite five years of technological progress, the six categories of technological impediments remain relevant. Furthermore, the maturation of e-Commerce increased the Internet\u27s complexity, making these impediments harder to address. Two kinds of complexity are especially relevant: evolutionary complexity, and skill complexity. Evolutionary complexity refers to the need to preserve the existing Internet and resolve impediments simultaneously. Unfortunately, because the Internet consists of multiple incompatible technologies, philosophies, and attitudes, additions to the Internet infrastructure are difficult to integrate. Skill complexity refers to the skill sets necessary for managing e-Commerce change. As the Internet evolves, more skills become relevant. Unfortunately, individuals, companies and organizations are unable to master and integrate all necessary skills. As a result, new features added to the Internet do not consider all relevant factors, and are thus sub-optimal. NOTE THAT THIS ARTICLE IS APPROXIMATELY 600kb. IF YOU USE A SLOW MODEM, IT MAY TAKE A WHILE TO LOA

Offshore wind energy in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region and the EPA clean power plan proposed rule

ABSTRACT Offshore Wind Energy in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region and the EPA Clean Power Plan Proposed Rule Kamil E. Armaiz Nolla Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere have been experiencing a rapid rise since the start of the Industrial Era. Human activities have been recognized by the scientific community as the main contributors to CO2 emissions by way of the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Scientific consensus about human-induced climate change has been recognized since 1992 by the work of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate. Since then, global efforts to mitigate climate change have been underway. On June 2, 2014 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a proposal to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide produced by existing power plants. The plan is based on state-specific emission rate targets for the power sector in order to achieve a national carbon emission reduction of 30 percent by 2030 from 2005 levels. The plan proposes measures known as the Best System of Emission Reduction, or BSER, to achieve the required targets. One of these measures is to use renewable energy technology that is already part of the renewable portfolio standards that have been established by each state. This work looks at the role of offshore wind (OSW) energy as a significant contributor to CO2 reductions. The U.S. Mid-Atlantic Region, specifically the states of Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia, holds an abundance of strong and steady offshore winds already identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management in Wind Energy Areas. The Clean Power Plan does not include OSW energy as part of the BSER due to the current absence of operational OSW facilities in the United States, preventing the calculation of a benchmark development rate target. However, this dissertation makes a compelling case for the integration of OSW energy as a significant player in the EPA Clean Power Plan Proposed Rule through scenarios that consider different levels of OSW deployment for the Mid-Atlantic Region within the Plan’s methodology calculations

New Energy Geopolitics?: China, Renewable Energy, and the Greentech Race

Commentators believe that programs in China promoting development of new renewable energy capacity have produced astonishing achievements in a short period of time. Evoking the space race between the United States and the U.S.S.R. after the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957, observers contend that the United States and China are in a greentech race to secure international leadership in the development and deployment of renewable energy. As U.S. Energy Secretary Chu has put it, many believe this is a modern Sputnik moment. This Article finds that China\u27s programs and initiatives are indeed leading to considerable success, but, using three different metrics (growth of China\u27s greentech industry, levels of government support and financing, and installed capacity figures), finds that claims that China is winning the greentech race are currently overstated. Continuing on to discuss the link between climate change and national security, the Article concludes that the greentech race metaphor is counterproductive, and the race rhetoric should be downplayed for two major reasons. First, it would hamper continued cooperation between the United States and China on climate matters, which is essential given the world\u27s pressing needs to address climate change. Second, using a detailed description of the security threat posed in each situation, the Article finds that the national security background to the growth of renewable energy is considerably different from that which prompted the growth of the United States\u27 space industry after the Sputnik launch, and concludes that the race metaphor is an inappropriate fit to the present situation. Finally, the Article finds that the most productive response to concerns about the growth of renewable energy sector in China would be stronger programs and initiatives to encourage the renewable energy industry in the United States

The New Energy Geopolitics?: China, Renewable Energy, and the Greentech Race

The issue of China\u27s support for renewables has taken center stage in the United States, thanks to an investigation by the United States Trade Representative (USTR) that commenced in October 2010. That investigation began with a complaint alleging that China unfairly subsidizes its greentech industries, in violation of its obligations as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Well before that investigation began, numerous Americans believed the United States was less engaged in greentech promotion than China. China has come very far in a short amount of time to promote renewables, and many feel the United States is falling behind. New York Times columnist Thomas L. Friedman has been perhaps the most active proponent of this view, but he has plenty of company (including President Obama, as shown by the quote above). In this article, I will use greentech to refer to renewable energy technologies such as solar and wind power (the subject of many articles), even though some commentators discuss other technologies such as hybrid and electric vehicles

New Energy Geopolitics?: China, Renewable Energy, and the Greentech Race

Commentators believe that programs in China promoting development of new renewable energy capacity have produced astonishing achievements in a short period of time. Evoking the space race between the United States and the U.S.S.R. after the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957, observers contend that the United States and China are in a greentech race to secure international leadership in the development and deployment of renewable energy. As U.S. Energy Secretary Chu has put it, many believe this is a modern Sputnik moment. This Article finds that China\u27s programs and initiatives are indeed leading to considerable success, but, using three different metrics (growth of China\u27s greentech industry, levels of government support and financing, and installed capacity figures), finds that claims that China is winning the greentech race are currently overstated. Continuing on to discuss the link between climate change and national security, the Article concludes that the greentech race metaphor is counterproductive, and the race rhetoric should be downplayed for two major reasons. First, it would hamper continued cooperation between the United States and China on climate matters, which is essential given the world\u27s pressing needs to address climate change. Second, using a detailed description of the security threat posed in each situation, the Article finds that the national security background to the growth of renewable energy is considerably different from that which prompted the growth of the United States\u27 space industry after the Sputnik launch, and concludes that the race metaphor is an inappropriate fit to the present situation. Finally, the Article finds that the most productive response to concerns about the growth of renewable energy sector in China would be stronger programs and initiatives to encourage the renewable energy industry in the United States

CPA\u27s guide to information security

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1963/thumbnail.jp