5,046 research outputs found
Data Mining to Uncover Heterogeneous Water Use Behaviors From Smart Meter Data
Knowledge on the determinants and patterns of water demand for different consumers supports the design of customized demand management strategies. Smart meters coupled with big data analytics tools create a unique opportunity to support such strategies. Yet, at present, the information content of smart meter data is not fully mined and usually needs to be complemented with water fixture inventory and survey data to achieve detailed customer segmentation based on end use water usage. In this paper, we developed a dataâdriven approach that extracts information on heterogeneous water end use routines, main end use components, and temporal characteristics, only via data mining existing smart meter readings at the scale of individual households. We tested our approach on data from 327 households in Australia, each monitored with smart meters logging water use readings every 5 s. As part of the approach, we first disaggregated the householdâlevel water use time series into different end uses via Autoflow. We then adapted a customer segmentation based on eigenbehavior analysis to discriminate among heterogeneous water end use routines and identify clusters of consumers presenting similar routines. Results revealed three main water end use profile clusters, each characterized by a primary end use: shower, clothes washing, and irrigation. Timeâofâuse and intensityâofâuse differences exist within each class, as well as different characteristics of regularity and periodicity over time. Our customer segmentation analysis approach provides utilities with a concise snapshot of recurrent water use routines from smart meter data and can be used to support customized demand management strategies.TU Berlin, Open-Access-Mittel - 201
A Survey on Communication Networks for Electric System Automation
Published in Computer Networks 50 (2006) 877â897, an Elsevier journal. The definitive version of this publication is available from Science Direct. Digital Object Identifier:10.1016/j.comnet.2006.01.005In todayâs competitive electric utility marketplace, reliable and real-time information become the key factor for reliable delivery of power to the end-users, profitability of the electric utility and customer satisfaction. The operational and commercial demands of electric utilities require a high-performance data communication network that supports both existing functionalities and future operational requirements. In this respect, since such a communication network constitutes the core of the electric system automation applications, the design of a cost-effective and reliable network architecture is crucial.
In this paper, the opportunities and challenges of a hybrid network architecture are discussed for electric system automation.
More specifically, Internet based Virtual Private Networks, power line communications, satellite communications and wireless communications (wireless sensor networks, WiMAX and wireless mesh networks) are described in detail. The motivation of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the hybrid network architecture that can provide heterogeneous electric system automation application requirements. In this regard, our aim is to present a structured framework for electric utilities who plan to utilize new communication technologies for automation and hence, to make the decision making process more effective and direct.This work was supported by NEETRAC under
Project #04-157
A Physical Layer Model for G3-PLC Networks Simulation
This work presents a model of the G3-PLC physical (PHY) layer tailored for network simulations. It allows simulating frequency selective channels with non-stationary colored noise. Collisions with other frames are modeled taking into account the length and the power of the interfering frames. Frame errors are estimated using the effective signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio mapping (ESM) function.
The proposed PHY layer has been integrated into a distributed event-based simulator developed by Microchip. The layer 2+ stack of the simulator uses the same code that actual Microchip G3-PLC devices. Validation has been accomplished by comparing its results to a test network deployed in the laboratory. The latter consists of a coordinator and one hundred meters distributed in 5 levels. Faster-than-real-time simulations and an excellent agreement between the simulated and the measured performance indicators at the application layer have been obtained.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂa Tech
Feasibility Study of OFDM-MFSK Modulation Scheme for Smart Metering Technology
The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing based M-ary Frequency Shift
Keying (OFDM-MFSK) is a noncoherent modulation scheme which merges MFSK with
the OFDM waveform. It is designed to improve the receiver sensitivity in the
hard environments where channel estimation is very difficult to perform. In
this paper, the OFDM-MFSK is suggested for the smart metering technology and
its performance is measured and compared with the ordinary OFDM-BPSK. Our
results show that, depending on the MFSK size value (M), the Packet Error Rate
(PER) has dramatically improved for OFDM-MFSK. Additionally, the adaptive
OFDM-MFSK, which selects the best M value that gives the minimum PER and higher
throughput for each Smart Meter (SM), has better coverage than OFDM-BPSK.
Although its throughput and capacity are lower than OFDMBPSK, the connected SMs
per sector are higher. Based on the smart metering technology requirements
which imply the need for high coverage and low amount of data exchanged between
the network and the SMs, The OFDM-MFSK can be efficiently used in this
technology.Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures, ISGT Europe 201
Integration of Legacy Appliances into Home Energy Management Systems
The progressive installation of renewable energy sources requires the
coordination of energy consuming devices. At consumer level, this coordination
can be done by a home energy management system (HEMS). Interoperability issues
need to be solved among smart appliances as well as between smart and
non-smart, i.e., legacy devices. We expect current standardization efforts to
soon provide technologies to design smart appliances in order to cope with the
current interoperability issues. Nevertheless, common electrical devices affect
energy consumption significantly and therefore deserve consideration within
energy management applications. This paper discusses the integration of smart
and legacy devices into a generic system architecture and, subsequently,
elaborates the requirements and components which are necessary to realize such
an architecture including an application of load detection for the
identification of running loads and their integration into existing HEM
systems. We assess the feasibility of such an approach with a case study based
on a measurement campaign on real households. We show how the information of
detected appliances can be extracted in order to create device profiles
allowing for their integration and management within a HEMS
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