Heuristic Method for Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)

The phasor measurement units (PMUs) are very important tool for monitoring and control the power system. PMUs give real time, synchronized measurements of voltages at the buses and also current phasors which are incident to those buses where these PMUs are located. It is unnecessary and impossible to place PMU at each bus to estimate the states because high cost of PMUs and also the cost of communication facilities. It is necessary to find out the minimum number of PMUs to entire power system observable. The optimal placement of PMUs (OPP) problem solved by various techniques such as mathematical programming, metaheuristic techniques. The recently some heuristic optimization technique proposed to determine the minimum number of PMUs for various systems should be completely observable. This optimal PMUs placement (OPP) problem is pure binary optimization problem. A topological observability based three stages optimal PMU placement technique is proposed for solving this problem. For topological observability a set of minimum PMUs is required to make the system completely observable. It is assumed that there are strategic buses in every system using that the PMU placement becomes an easy task. The proposed method tested on standard IEEE bus systems and compared the results of the proposed method to the previously methods

COLLUSION DEFENDER PRESERVING SUBSCRIBERS PRIVACY IN PUBLISH AND SUBSCRIBE SYSTEMS

The Publish and Subscribe (bar/sub) framework is a laid out worldview to scatter the information from distributers to supporters in an approximately coupled way utilizing an organization of devoted intermediaries. Notwithstanding, delicate information could be presented to malignant elements in the event that merchants get compromised or hacked; or far more detestable, assuming dealers themselves are interested to find out with regards to the information. A feasible component to safeguard delicate distributions and memberships is to encode the information before it is dispersed through the representatives. Best in class approaches permit agents to perform encoded matching without uncovering distributions and memberships. Nonetheless, on the off chance that pernicious merchants conspire with noxious endorsers or distributers, they can become familiar with the interests of guiltless supporters, in any event, when the interests are scrambled. In this article, we present a bar/sub framework that guarantees secrecy of distributions and memberships within the sight of untrusted intermediaries. Moreover, our answer opposes arrangement assaults between untrusted dealers and malevolent endorsers (or distributers). At long last, we have carried out a model of our answer for show its practicality and proficiency

CHANNEL REQUIREMENTS FOR LTE DUE TO MICROGRID MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

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