Decentralized Telemedicine Framework for a Smart Healthcare Ecosystem

The healthcare sector is one of the most rapidly growing sectors globally. With the ever-growing technology, patient care, regulatory compliance, and digital transformation, there is an increased need for healthcare sectors to collaborate with all stakeholders – both within the healthcare ecosystem and in concurring industries. In recent times, telemedicine has proven to provide high quality, affordable, and predominantly adapted healthcare services. However, telemedicine suffers from several risks in implementation, such as data breach, restricted access across medical fraternity, incorrect diagnosis and prescription, fraud, and abuse. In this work, introduce blockchain-based framework that would unlock the future of the healthcare sector and improved services. Our proposed solution utilizing Ethereum smart contracts to develop a transparent, tamper-proof telemedicine healthcare framework, and ensure the integrity of sensitive patient data eliminating a central administrator. Moreover, the smart contract regulates the interaction between all the parties involved in the network and keeps the patient meticulously informed about the transactions in the network

FinBook: literary content as digital commodity

This short essay explains the significance of the FinBook intervention, and invites the reader to participate. We have associated each chapter within this book with a financial robot (FinBot), and created a market whereby book content will be traded with financial securities. As human labour increasingly consists of unstable and uncertain work practices and as algorithms replace people on the virtual trading floors of the worlds markets, we see members of society taking advantage of FinBots to invest and make extra funds. Bots of all kinds are making financial decisions for us, searching online on our behalf to help us invest, to consume products and services. Our contribution to this compilation is to turn the collection of chapters in this book into a dynamic investment portfolio, and thereby play out what might happen to the process of buying and consuming literature in the not-so-distant future. By attaching identities (through QR codes) to each chapter, we create a market in which the chapter can ‘perform’. Our FinBots will trade based on features extracted from the authors’ words in this book: the political, ethical and cultural values embedded in the work, and the extent to which the FinBots share authors’ concerns; and the performance of chapters amongst those human and non-human actors that make up the market, and readership. In short, the FinBook model turns our work and the work of our co-authors into an investment portfolio, mediated by the market and the attention of readers. By creating a digital economy specifically around the content of online texts, our chapter and the FinBook platform aims to challenge the reader to consider how their personal values align them with individual articles, and how these become contested as they perform different value judgements about the financial performance of each chapter and the book as a whole. At the same time, by introducing ‘autonomous’ trading bots, we also explore the different ‘network’ affordances that differ between paper based books that’s scarcity is developed through analogue form, and digital forms of books whose uniqueness is reached through encryption. We thereby speak to wider questions about the conditions of an aggressive market in which algorithms subject cultural and intellectual items – books – to economic parameters, and the increasing ubiquity of data bots as actors in our social, political, economic and cultural lives. We understand that our marketization of literature may be an uncomfortable juxtaposition against the conventionally-imagined way a book is created, enjoyed and shared: it is intended to be

A structured framework to assess the business application landscape of blockchain technologies.

Blockchain is emerging as a game changing technology in many industries. Although it is increasingly capturing the business community’s attention, a comprehensive overview of commercially available applications is lacking to date. This paper aims to fill this gap. Firstly, we propose a structured approach to assess the application landscape of blockchain technologies. To build our framework, we relied on largely accepted classifications of blockchains, based on protocols, consensus mechanisms and ownership, as well as on the most cited application areas emerging from the literature. Secondly, we applied the framework on a database of 460 released blockchains. The analysis confirms a dominance of applications for cryptocurrencies, financial transactions and certification purposes, with a prevalence of permissionless platforms. We also found new application fields that go far beyond the seven initial areas addressed by the current body of knowledge, leading to some interesting takeaways for both practitioners and IS researchers

The Role of Collaborative Governance in Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chains: A Proposed Framework

The blockchain age is dawning. Firms large and small are teaming up with partners and solution providers to deploy blockchain, especially in supply chains, often called the “sleeping giant” use case. But blockchain is still new, and despite early successes in simulated environments, how companies need to collaborate in a blockchain world is unclear. To help close the blockchain collaboration research gap, this design science study explores the technological and ecosystem business decisions required to deploy an interoperable blockchain solution. The research partially builds a supply chain artifact, and the challenges experienced by the design team prompts further investigation with twenty blockchain experts. With the discovery that effective and collaborative governance is a key mechanism to remove obstacles in blockchain deployment, the study concludes with a collaborative governance model. Inspired by public policy makers, the framework includes technological rules to assist practitioners as they collaborate in a blockchain world

When Open Source Software Encounters Patents: Blockchain as an Example to Explore the Dilemma and Solutions, 18 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 55 (2018)

The original blockchain developers set the core programs, development interfaces, and application software of the blockchain as open source software, which are open to all developers for free. They have never thought of collecting royalties by claiming copyright, nor did they apply for patents. Since then, however, many follow-up blockchain developers applied the core programs to further developments and filed a large numbers of patent applications, causing the original blockchain developers to be very concerned about whether these patents will otherwise slow down or even endanger the innovation of blockchain technology. Consequently, finding legal solutions for the conflicts between open source software and patent rights hence becomes an important research topic in the field of intellectual property rights. This article discusses three possible solutions to the conflict: the licensing schemes of industrial standard, the licensing schemes of open source software, and the open patent campaigns, pointing out that at the moment all three have an opportunity to solve the problem, while also acknowledging that there are still many issues to be solved. In terms of the licensing schemes of industrial standard, this article considers that the industrial standard of blockchain should require the patentees involved in standard setting to disclose their patents, and should require the owners of the standard essential patents to not refuse the patent licensing. To determine what licensing scheme the blockchain standard should adopt, this article conducts a legal and economic analysis by studying its technical attributes, the process of patent thicketing, and the development of the industry, suggesting that the “Patent Policy” of the blockchain standard should at least follow the fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) license adopted by many industrial standards such as the telecommunication industry. As a result, users of blockchain could access the patented technologies more conveniently. In terms of the licensing schemes of open source software, this article finds that the MIT license for the Bitcoin Blockchain and the GNU GPL license for the Ethereum Blockchain cannot solve the problem of follow-up developers not drafting a software code, but instead applying for patents for the resulting follow-up developments. This article compares the similarities and differences of other open source software programs, studies the original philosophical spirit and technological and industrial development of blockchains, and suggests a suitable licensing scheme of open source software for the blockchain technology. Lastly, this article finds open patents to be a possible solution to the patent problems faced by the blockchain technology, but concludes that this solution is more challenging with blockchain than in other industries because open patent campaigns rely on the spontaneous action of the patentee. The blockchain industry, especially the original developers of the core blockchain technology, should provide incentives for the right holders of subsequent patent applications to willingly and spontaneously open their patents

Assets under Tokenization: Can Blockchain Technology Improve Post-Trade Processing?

Recent years have seen rapid growth in exceptional IS scholarship addressing the efficacy and utility of blockchain technology in trade-processing and financial services. Numerous prominent IS scholars encourage applied research into the ostensible synergies between the nascent technology and its various use cases. Yet the vast majority of the published literature approaches the issue from a purely contemplative or theoretical perspective. Addressing this gap in the IS literature, we apply the design science research methodology in the construction a software artefact for the abstract representation of physical assets in the form of blockchain tokens, a process colloquially referred to as tokenization. The artefact is the product of a cross-organizational development process involving a host organization and several external participants. We present the final iteration of the artefact, evaluating our results against the requirements collected through the design search process. This informs a rigorous evaluation of the conceptual limitations of blockchain-based software artefacts. We conclude that, provided the aforementioned requirements are adequately observed within the design search process, blockchain technology can indeed improve post-trade processing

Web 3.0: The Future of Internet

With the rapid growth of the Internet, human daily life has become deeply bound to the Internet. To take advantage of massive amounts of data and information on the internet, the Web architecture is continuously being reinvented and upgraded. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0 to the dynamic interactive features of Web 2.0, scholars and engineers have worked hard to make the internet world more open, inclusive, and equal. Indeed, the next generation of Web evolution (i.e., Web 3.0) is already coming and shaping our lives. Web 3.0 is a decentralized Web architecture that is more intelligent and safer than before. The risks and ruin posed by monopolists or criminals will be greatly reduced by a complete reconstruction of the Internet and IT infrastructure. In a word, Web 3.0 is capable of addressing web data ownership according to distributed technology. It will optimize the internet world from the perspectives of economy, culture, and technology. Then it promotes novel content production methods, organizational structures, and economic forms. However, Web 3.0 is not mature and is now being disputed. Herein, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of Web 3.0, with a focus on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces a brief overview of the history of World Wide Web as well as several differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web3. Then, some technical implementations of Web 3.0 are illustrated in detail. We discuss the revolution and benefits that Web 3.0 brings. Finally, we explore several challenges and issues in this promising area.Comment: ACM Web Conference 202

Autonomous Business Reality

Society tends to expect technology to do more than it can actually achieve, at a faster pace than it can actually move. The resulting hype cycle infects all forms of discourse around technology. Unfortunately, the discourse on law and technology is no exception to this rule. The resulting discussion is often characterized by two or more positions at opposite ends of the spectrum, such that participants in the discussion speak past each other, rather than to each other. The rich context that sits in the middle ground goes disregarded altogether. This dynamic most recently surfaced in the legal literature regarding autonomous businesses. This Article seeks to fill the gap in the current discussion by creating a taxonomy of autonomous businesses and using that taxonomy to demonstrate that automation, standing alone, is not what makes autonomous businesses exceptional. Rather, the capacity of autonomous businesses to make radical governance changes more prevalent in the market pushes the boundaries of current choice of entity and governance paradigms while also illuminating low-technology functional equivalents that may offer more traditional businesses a path to governance reform. To make these claims, this Article begins in Part I by briefly introducing the two emerging technologies that enable business automation. Part II reviews the existing literature and argues that by focusing on only one specific segment of the current autonomous business landscape, the literature misses key opportunities to evolve business law. Part III builds a map of existing autonomous businesses, demonstrating the differences among them and explaining them as a function of design trade-offs. Part III then uses that map to build a taxonomy of autonomous businesses and offers a framework for considering the broader impacts of autonomous businesses on law. Part IV examines ways that autonomous business reality may incentivize reforms in traditional corporations while simultaneously emphasizing the need for continued research and innovation in choice of business entity, organizational governance, and regulatory compliance