511,815 research outputs found
Revealing sub-{\mu}m inhomogeneities and {\mu}m-scale texture in H2O ice at Megabar pressures via sound velocity measurements by time-domain Brillouin scattering
Time-domain Brillouin scattering technique, also known as picosecond
ultrasonic interferometry, which provides opportunity to monitor propagation of
nanometers to sub-micrometers length coherent acoustic pulses in the samples of
sub-micrometers to tens of micrometers dimensions, was applied to
depth-profiling of polycrystalline aggregate of ice compressed in a diamond
anvil cell to Megabar pressures. The technique allowed examination of
characteristic dimensions of elastic inhomogeneities and texturing of
polycrystalline ice in the direction normal to the diamond anvil surfaces with
sub-micrometer spatial resolution via time-resolved measurements of variations
in the propagation velocity of the acoustic pulse traveling in the compressed
sample. The achieved two-dimensional imaging of the polycrystalline ice
aggregate in-depth and in one of the lateral directions indicates the
feasibility of three-dimensional imaging and quantitative characterization of
acoustical, optical and acousto-optical properties of transparent
polycrystalline aggregates in diamond anvil cell with tens of nanometers
in-depth resolution and lateral spatial resolution controlled by pump laser
pulses focusing.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figure
Collaborative signal and information processing for target detection with heterogeneous sensor networks
In this paper, an approach for target detection and acquisition with heterogeneous sensor networks through strategic resource allocation and coordination is presented. Based on sensor management and collaborative signal and information processing, low-capacity low-cost sensors are strategically deployed to guide and cue scarce high performance sensors in the network to improve the data quality, with which the mission is eventually completed more efficiently with lower cost. We focus on the problem of designing such a network system in which issues of resource selection and allocation, system behaviour and capacity, target behaviour and patterns, the environment, and multiple constraints such as the cost must be addressed simultaneously. Simulation results offer significant insight into sensor selection and network operation, and demonstrate the great benefits introduced by guided search in an application of hunting down and capturing hostile vehicles on the battlefield
Prerequisites for Affective Signal Processing (ASP) - Part V: A response to comments and suggestions
In four papers, a set of eleven prerequisites for affective signal processing (ASP) were identified (van den Broek et al., 2010): validation, triangulation, a physiology-driven approach, contributions of the signal processing community, identification of users, theoretical specification, integration of biosignals, physical characteristics, historical perspective, temporal construction, and real-world baselines. Additionally, a review (in two parts) of affective computing was provided. Initiated by the reactions on these four papers, we now present: i) an extension of the review, ii) a post-hoc analysis based on the eleven prerequisites of Picard et al.(2001), and iii) a more detailed discussion and illustrations of temporal aspects with ASP
Dialogue Act Modeling for Automatic Tagging and Recognition of Conversational Speech
We describe a statistical approach for modeling dialogue acts in
conversational speech, i.e., speech-act-like units such as Statement, Question,
Backchannel, Agreement, Disagreement, and Apology. Our model detects and
predicts dialogue acts based on lexical, collocational, and prosodic cues, as
well as on the discourse coherence of the dialogue act sequence. The dialogue
model is based on treating the discourse structure of a conversation as a
hidden Markov model and the individual dialogue acts as observations emanating
from the model states. Constraints on the likely sequence of dialogue acts are
modeled via a dialogue act n-gram. The statistical dialogue grammar is combined
with word n-grams, decision trees, and neural networks modeling the
idiosyncratic lexical and prosodic manifestations of each dialogue act. We
develop a probabilistic integration of speech recognition with dialogue
modeling, to improve both speech recognition and dialogue act classification
accuracy. Models are trained and evaluated using a large hand-labeled database
of 1,155 conversations from the Switchboard corpus of spontaneous
human-to-human telephone speech. We achieved good dialogue act labeling
accuracy (65% based on errorful, automatically recognized words and prosody,
and 71% based on word transcripts, compared to a chance baseline accuracy of
35% and human accuracy of 84%) and a small reduction in word recognition error.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures. Changes in copy editing (note title spelling
changed
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