23 research outputs found
Between the conjectures of P\'{o}lya and Tur\'{a}n
This paper is concerned with the constancy in the sign of , where the Liouville
function. The non-positivity of is the P\'{o}lya conjecture, and the
non-negativity of is the Tur\'{a}n conjecture --- both of which are
false. By constructing an auxiliary function, evidence is provided that is the best contender for constancy in sign. The core of this
paper is the conjecture that for all :
this has been verified for .Comment: 5 page
A cell complex in number theory
Let De_n be the simplicial complex of squarefree positive integers less than
or equal to n ordered by divisibility. It is known that the asymptotic rate of
growth of its Euler characteristic (the Mertens function) is closely related to
deep properties of the prime number system.
In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the individual Betti
numbers and of their sum. We show that De_n has the homotopy type of a wedge of
spheres, and that as n tends to infinity: \sum \be_k(\De_n) =
\frac{2n}{\pi^2} + O(n^{\theta}),\;\; \mbox{for all} \theta > \frac{17}{54}.
We also study a CW complex tDe_n that extends the previous simplicial
complex. In tDe_n all numbers up to n correspond to cells and its Euler
characteristic is the summatory Liouville function. This cell complex is shown
to be homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres, and as n tends to infinity:
\sum \be_k(\tDe_n) = \frac{n}{3} + O(n^{\theta}),\;\; \mbox{for all} \theta >
\frac{22}{27}.Comment: 16 page
Sign Changes of the Liouville function on quadratics
Let denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime
number theorem, Chowla conjectured that \vspace{1mm} \noindent {\bf Conjecture
(Chowla).} {\em \begin{equation} \label{a.1} \sum_{n\le x} \lambda (f(n)) =o(x)
\end{equation} for any polynomial with integer coefficients which is not
of form . } \vspace{1mm} \noindent The prime number theorem is
equivalent to \eqref{a.1} when . Chowla's conjecture is proved for
linear functions but for the degree greater than 1, the conjecture seems to be
extremely hard and still remains wide open. One can consider a weaker form of
Chowla's conjecture, namely, \vspace{1mm} \noindent {\bf Conjecture 1
(Cassaigne, et al).} {\em If and is not in the form of
for some , then changes sign
infinitely often.}
Clearly, Chowla's conjecture implies Conjecture 1. Although it is weaker,
Conjecture 1 is still wide open for polynomials of degree . In this
article, we study Conjecture 1 for the quadratic polynomials. One of our main
theorems is
{\bf Theorem 1.} {\em Let with and be a
positive integer such that is not a perfect square. Then if the equation
has one solution , then it has infinitely many
positive solutions .}
As a direct consequence of Theorem 1, we prove some partial results of
Conjecture 1 for quadratic polynomials are also proved by using Theorem 1
Distribution of neighboring values of the Liouville and M\"obius functions
Let and denote the Liouville function and the M\"obius
function, respectively. In this study, relationships between the values of
and up to for are
explored. Chowla's conjecture predicts that the conditional expectation of
given for converges to the
conditional expectation of given for as . However, for finite , these conditional
expectations are different. The observed difference, together with the
significant difference in tests of independence, reveals hidden
additive properties among the values of the Liouville function. Similarly, such
additive structures for for square-free 's are identified. These
findings pave the way for developing possible, and hopefully efficient,
additive algorithms for these functions. The potential existence of fast,
additive algorithms for and may eventually provide
scientific evidence supporting the belief that prime factorization of large
integers should not be too difficult. For , the study also
tested the convergence speeds of Chowla's conjecture and found no relation on