15 research outputs found
Perceptual crossing: the simplest online paradigm
Researchers in social cognition increasingly realize that many phenomena cannot be understood by investigating offline situations only, focusing on individual mechanisms and an observer perspective. There are processes of dynamic emergence specific to online situations, when two or more persons are engaged in a real-time interaction that are more than just the sum of the individual capacities or behaviors, and these require the study of online social interaction. Auvray et al.'s (2009) perceptual crossing paradigm offers possibly the simplest paradigm for studying such online interactions: two persons, a one-dimensional space, one bit of information, and a yes/no answer. This study has provoked a lot of resonance in different areas of research, including experimental psychology, computer/robot modeling, philosophy, psychopathology, and even in the field of design. In this article, we review and critically assess this body of literature. We give an overview of both behavioral experimental research and simulated agent modeling done using the perceptual crossing paradigm. We discuss different contexts in which work on perceptual crossing has been cited. This includes the controversy about the possible constitutive role of perceptual crossing for social cognition. We conclude with an outlook on future research possibilities, in particular those that could elucidate the link between online interaction dynamics and individual social cognition
Economic indicators used for EU projects, in other criteria of aggregation than national / regional
Economical and social indicators are created and published for national and regional dimensions. Nowadays, both local and territorial indicators are really able to define more adequate the stage of social and economical development and to illustrate the impact of European programs and projects in fields like: long lasting development, entrepreneurial development, scientific research development and strategies, education and learning resources, IT resources, dissemination of European culture etc. If in the first part, there is only quantitative information, offered by our National Institute of Statistics (NIS), in the following few examples of some useful economical and social indicators provide a dynamic vision in defining objectives, methods and implementation Thus the need for a quantitative framework of local and territorial indicators demands for an original statistical methodology.gross domestic product, indicators in macro, mezo and micro economics, weight of selected, factors, representative methodology
Economic indicators used for EU projects, in other criteria of aggregation than national / regional
Economical and social indicators are created and published for national and regional dimensions. Nowadays, both local and territorial indicators are really able to define more adequate the stage of social and economical development and to illustrate the impact of European programs and projects in fields like: long lasting development, entrepreneurial development, scientific research development and strategies,
education and learning resources, IT resources, dissemination of European culture etc. If in the first part,
there is only quantitative information, offered by our National Institute of Statistics (NIS), in the following
few examples of some useful economical and social indicators provide a dynamic vision in defining
objectives, methods and implementation Thus the need for a quantitative framework of local and territorial
indicators demands for an original statistical methodology
The autotelic experience : a design approach to user experience
Si les principes dâutilisabilitĂ© guident la conception de solutions de design interactif pour sâassurer que celles-ci soient « utilisables », quels principes guident la conception dâobjets interactifs pour sâassurer que lâexpĂ©rience subjective de lâusager (UX) soit adĂ©quate et mĂ©morable? Que manque-t-il au cadre de lâUX pour expliquer, comprendre, et anticiper en tant que designer une expĂ©rience mĂ©morable (âan experienceâ; Dewey, 1934)? La question centrale est issue dâune double problĂ©matique : (1) le cadre thĂ©orique de lâUX est incomplet, et (2) les processus et capacitĂ©s des designers ne sont pas considĂ©rĂ©s et utilisĂ©s Ă leur pleine capacitĂ© en conception UX.
Pour rĂ©pondre Ă cette question, nous proposons de complĂ©ter les modĂšles de lâUX avec la notion dâexpĂ©rience autotĂ©lique qui appartient principalement Ă deux cadres thĂ©oriques ayant bien cernĂ© lâexpĂ©rience subjective, soit lâexpĂ©rience optimale (ou Flow) de Csikszentmihalyi (1988) et lâexpĂ©rience esthĂ©tique selon Schaeffer (2001). LâautotĂ©lie est une dimension interne du Flow alors quâelle couvre toute lâexpĂ©rience esthĂ©tique. LâautotĂ©lie est une expĂ©rience dâĂ©veil au moment mĂȘme de lâinteraction. Cette prise de conscience est accompagnĂ©e dâune imperceptible tension de vouloir faire durer ce moment pour faire durer le plaisir quâil gĂ©nĂšre.
Trois Ă©tudes exploratoires ont Ă©tĂ© faites, sâappuyant sur une analyse faite Ă partir dâun cadre thĂ©orique en trois parties : le Flow, les signes dâactivitĂ© non verbale (les gestes physiques) et verbale (le discours) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s pour voir comment ceux-ci sâassocient.
Nos rĂ©sultats tendent Ă prouver que les processus spatiaux jouent un rĂŽle de premier plan dans lâexpĂ©rience autotĂ©lique et par consĂ©quent dans une UX optimale. De plus, ils suggĂšrent que les expĂ©riences pragmatique et autotĂ©lique sont ancrĂ©es dans un seul et mĂȘme contenu, et que leur diffĂ©rence tient au type dâattention que le participant porte sur lâinteraction, lâattention ordinaire ou de type autotĂ©lique.
Ces rĂ©sultats nous ont menĂ©s Ă proposer un modĂšle pour la conception UX. LâĂ©lĂ©ment nouveau, restĂ© jusquâalors inaperçu, consiste Ă sâassurer que lâinterface (au sens large) appelle une attitude rĂ©ceptive Ă lâinattendu, pour quâune information puisse dĂ©clencher les processus spatiaux, offrant une opportunitĂ© de passer de lâattention ordinaire Ă lâattention autotĂ©lique. Le nouveau modĂšle ouvre la porte Ă une meilleure valorisation des habiletĂ©s et processus du designer au sein de lâĂ©quipe multidisciplinaire en conception UX.If usability guides the formal organisation of interactive systems as it pertains to being usable, useful and efficient, what principle(s) guide(s) the formal organisation of interactive systems when it comes to give form to the subjective dimension of the user experience? This question came from two perceived gaps in our understanding of UX: (1) the UX theoretical framework appears incomplete to this day. Going beyond experiencing, what is at play during Deweyâs an experience? (2) The process and abilities of designers are underused in the current theoretical and practical UX framework; what would provide a more designerly approach?
We propose that the autotelic experience could bridge these gaps and be the UX counterpart to usability. The autotelic experience is an internal dimension at the heart of the optimal experienceâFlowâ(Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) and covering the whole of the aesthetic experience (Schaeffer, 2000). The autotelic experience is a shift in awareness occurring during the interaction. This awareness is accompanied by an imperceptible tension of wanting to make this moment last in order to continue enjoying the pleasure it generates (a circular motivation to stay in the interaction for the sake of the interaction itself) (Schaeffer, 2000). Our results suggest the key to the autotelic experience sits with visuospatial reasoning or more specifically to right hemisphere (RH) activation.
Three exploratory studies were conducted, using a three-part theoretical framework where Flow, signs of nonverbal / spatial activity (physical gestures) and of verbal activity (discourse) were assessed for their various associations.
The main contribution of this research is a model of autotelic experience made of three interlocking elements (high positive pressure, low mental demand and an openness to unexpected events) contextualised by either an active or a receptive engagement on the part of the user. One of the findings is that the pragmatic experience and the autotelic experience (which we have associated to Deweyâs an experience, 1934), are based on one and the same content, the only difference is the shift in attention on the participantâs part.
All the elements of the model are known, but one, to design the experience in a way to keep the user open to the unexpected. This one element supports the occurrence of the shift from ordinary to autotelic attention. The new model opens the door to a better appreciation of designersâ skills and processes within multidisciplinary team in UX design
Economic indicators used for EU projects, in other criteria of aggregation than national / regional
Economical and social indicators are created and published for national and regional dimensions. Nowadays, both local and territorial indicators are really able to define more adequate the stage of social and economical development and to illustrate the impact of European programs and projects in fields like: long lasting development, entrepreneurial development, scientific research development and strategies,
education and learning resources, IT resources, dissemination of European culture etc. If in the first part,
there is only quantitative information, offered by our National Institute of Statistics (NIS), in the following
few examples of some useful economical and social indicators provide a dynamic vision in defining
objectives, methods and implementation Thus the need for a quantitative framework of local and territorial
indicators demands for an original statistical methodology
Diversity of brain size in fishes: preliminary analysis of a database including 1174 species in 45 orders
Absolule and relative values of brain weight are now available for 1174 species of fishes, representing 45 taxonomic orders. The original FishBase "Brains" data was assembled by the
research team of Bauchot and colleagues, to which the present report adds data for species representing several additional major taxonomic groups. This database is part of the FĂshBase 97 package which provides researchers with a tool to explore lhe functional meaning of absolute and relative brain size dĂversily, in comparison with phylogenetic position, life history mode, locomotion, habitat, and other behavioral parameters. Several results are provided as an example of the use of these data. Galeomorph
sharks and batoid rays possess the largest brains among fishes. and elongate forms with anguilliform locomotion (e.g.. hagfishes. lampreys, lrue eels, carapids, zoarcids) possess the smallest relative brain sizes. Among teleost fishes, Osteoglossomorphs possess the largest relative brain sizes. Brain size correlations with oxygen consumption suggest that larger brains consume proportionately more oxygen,
or that active fish with higher metabolic rates have larger brain