254,750 research outputs found
Shape deformation analysis from the optimal control viewpoint
A crucial problem in shape deformation analysis is to determine a deformation
of a given shape into another one, which is optimal for a certain cost. It has
a number of applications in particular in medical imaging. In this article we
provide a new general approach to shape deformation analysis, within the
framework of optimal control theory, in which a deformation is represented as
the flow of diffeomorphisms generated by time-dependent vector fields. Using
reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vector fields, the general shape
deformation analysis problem is specified as an infinite-dimensional optimal
control problem with state and control constraints. In this problem, the states
are diffeomorphisms and the controls are vector fields, both of them being
subject to some constraints. The functional to be minimized is the sum of a
first term defined as geometric norm of the control (kinetic energy of the
deformation) and of a data attachment term providing a geometric distance to
the target shape. This point of view has several advantages. First, it allows
one to model general constrained shape analysis problems, which opens new
issues in this field. Second, using an extension of the Pontryagin maximum
principle, one can characterize the optimal solutions of the shape deformation
problem in a very general way as the solutions of constrained geodesic
equations. Finally, recasting general algorithms of optimal control into shape
analysis yields new efficient numerical methods in shape deformation analysis.
Overall, the optimal control point of view unifies and generalizes different
theoretical and numerical approaches to shape deformation problems, and also
allows us to design new approaches. The optimal control problems that result
from this construction are infinite dimensional and involve some constraints,
and thus are nonstandard. In this article we also provide a rigorous and
complete analysis of the infinite-dimensional shape space problem with
constraints and of its finite-dimensional approximations
3-D facial expression representation using statistical shape models
This poster describes a methodology for facial expressions representation, using 3-D/4-D data, based on the statistical shape modelling technology. The proposed method uses a shape space vector to model surface deformations, and a modified iterative closest point (ICP) method to calculate the point correspondence between each surface. The shape space vector is constructed using principal component analysis (PCA) computed for typical surfaces represented in a training data set. It is shown that the calculated shape space vector can be used as a significant feature for subsequent facial expression classification. Comprehensive 3-D/4-D face data sets have been used for building the deformation models and for testing, which include 3-D synthetic data generated from FaceGen Modeller® software, 3-D facial expression data caputed by a static 3-D scanner in the BU-3DFE database and 3-D video sequences captured at the ADSIP research centre using a 3dMD® dynamic 3-D scanner
Shape transition and oblate-prolate coexistence in N=Z fpg-shell nuclei
Nuclear shape transition and oblate-prolate coexistence in nuclei are
investigated within the configuration space (, ,
, and ). We perform shell model calculations for Zn,
Ge, and Se and constrained Hartree-Fock (CHF) calculations for
Zn, Ge, Se, and Kr, employing an effective pairing
plus quadrupole residual interaction with monopole interactions. The shell
model calculations reproduce well the experimental energy levels of these
nuclei. From the analysis of potential energy surface in the CHF calculations,
we found shape transition from prolate to oblate deformation in these
nuclei and oblate-prolate coexistence at Se. The ground state of
Se has oblate shape, while the shape of Zn and Ge are
prolate. It is shown that the isovector matrix elements between and
orbits cause the oblate deformation for Se, and four-particle
four-hole () excitations are important for the oblate configuration.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Shape analysis in shape space
This study aims to classify different deformations based on the shape space concept. A shape space is a quotient space in which each point corresponds to a class of shapes. The shapes of each class are transformed to each other by a transformation group preserving a geometrical property in which we are interested. Therefore, each deformation is a curve on the high dimensional shape space manifold, and one can classify the deformations by comparison of their corresponding deformation curves in shape space. Towards this end, two classification methods are proposed.
In the first method, a quasi conformal shape space is constructed based on a novel quasi-conformal metric, which preserves the curvature changes at each vertex during the deformation. Besides, a classification framework is introduced for deformation classification. The results on synthetic and real datasets show the effectiveness of the metric to estimate the intrinsic geometry of the shape space manifold, and its ability to classify and interpolate different deformations.
In the second method, we introduce the medial surface shape space which classifies the deformations based on the medial surface and thickness of the shape. This shape space is based on the log map and uses two novel measures, average of the normal vectors and mean of the positions, to determine the distance between each pair of shapes on shape space.
We applied these methods to classify the left ventricle deformations. The experimental results shows that the first method can remarkably classify the normal and abnormal subjects but this method cannot spot the location of the abnormality. In contrast, the second method can discriminate healthy subjects from patients with cardiomyopathy, and also can spot the abnormality on the left ventricle, which makes it a valuable assistant tool for diagnostic purposes
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