41,811 research outputs found
Modern Logic and Judicial Decision Making: A Sketch of One View
Two hundred years elapsed before the nineteenth century logicians Boole, De Morgan, and others, finally succeeded in formally developing the calculus of reason-ing first suggested by the German mathematician, Leibniz. It is, perhaps, to the credit of the legal profession that less than one century has subsequently elapsed, and already some lawyers and legal writers, along with other scholars, are beginning to explore the relationship between modern logic and law. What is attempted here is to outline the bare bones of one tentative way of looking at the relationship between modern logic and the judicial decision process. From the useful vantage point of a Lasswellian social process framework of analysis, logic and judicial decision making are considered contextually within that total mani-fold of events that we call the world. Thus viewed, the judicial decision making process is just one constituent of the complex unfolding of events through time. We attempt to represent some of the complexities involved in each of these processes and the relationships between them by means of a series of diagrams. By suggesting that we begin with the world as our context, we make no claim to describing it in complete detail. To the contrary, the sketch presented here-we would emphasize the word sketch and the word tentative -is rough, incomplete, and subject to considerable improvement. But one of our purposes will be served if the outline points the way toward cumulative efforts to achieve a comprehensive description of the judicial decision process. In addition to this broad look at logic, judicial decision making, and the world, a more modest aim is to describe, in some detail and with reasonable clarity, one aspect of the relation between logic and judicial decision making
Robust semantic analysis for adaptive speech interfaces
The DUMAS project develops speech-based applications that are adaptable to different users and domains. The paper describes the project's robust semantic analysis strategy, used both in the generic framework for the development of multilingual speech-based dialogue systems which is the main project goal, and in the initial test application, a mobile phone-based e-mail interface
Attempto Controlled English (ACE)
Attempto Controlled English (ACE) allows domain specialists to interactively
formulate requirements specifications in domain concepts. ACE can be accurately
and efficiently processed by a computer, but is expressive enough to allow
natural usage. The Attempto system translates specification texts in ACE into
discourse representation structures and optionally into Prolog. Translated
specification texts are incrementally added to a knowledge base. This knowledge
base can be queried in ACE for verification, and it can be executed for
simulation, prototyping and validation of the specification.Comment: 13 pages, compressed, uuencoded Postscript, to be presented at CLAW
96, The First International Workshop on Controlled Language Applications,
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 26-27 March 199
Attempto - From Specifications in Controlled Natural Language towards Executable Specifications
Deriving formal specifications from informal requirements is difficult since
one has to take into account the disparate conceptual worlds of the application
domain and of software development. To bridge the conceptual gap we propose
controlled natural language as a textual view on formal specifications in
logic. The specification language Attempto Controlled English (ACE) is a subset
of natural language that can be accurately and efficiently processed by a
computer, but is expressive enough to allow natural usage. The Attempto system
translates specifications in ACE into discourse representation structures and
into Prolog. The resulting knowledge base can be queried in ACE for
verification, and it can be executed for simulation, prototyping and validation
of the specification.Comment: 15 pages, compressed, uuencoded Postscript, to be presented at EMISA
Workshop 'Naturlichsprachlicher Entwurf von Informationssystemen -
Grundlagen, Methoden, Werkzeuge, Anwendungen', May 28-30, 1996, Ev. Akademie
Tutzin
Molecular Interactions. On the Ambiguity of Ordinary Statements in Biomedical Literature
Statements about the behavior of biochemical entities (e.g., about the interaction between two proteins) abound in the
literature on molecular biology and are increasingly becoming the targets of information extraction and text mining techniques.
We show that an accurate analysis of the semantics of such statements reveals a number of ambiguities that have to be taken
into account in the practice of biomedical ontology engineering: Such statements can not only be understood as event reporting
statements, but also as ascriptions of dispositions or tendencies that may or may not refer to collectives of interacting molecules
or even to collectives of interaction events
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