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Do children use different forms of verbal rehearsal in serial picture recall tasks? A multi-method study
Use of verbal rehearsal is a key issue in memory development. However, we still lack detailed and triangulated information about the early development and the circumstances in which different forms of rehearsal are used. To further understand significant factors that affect childrenâs use of various forms of rehearsal, the present study involving 108 primary school children adopted a multi-method approach. It combined a carefully chosen word length effect method with a self-paced presentation time method to obtain behavioural indicators of verbal rehearsal. In addition, subsequent trial-by-trial self-reports were gathered. Word length effects in recall suggested that phonological recoding (converting images to names - a necessary precursor for rehearsal) took place, with evidence of more rehearsal among children with higher performance levels. According to self-paced presentation times, cumulative rehearsal was the dominant form of rehearsal only for children with higher spans on difficult trials. The combined results of self-paced times and word length effects in recall suggest that ânamingâ as simple form of rehearsal was dominant for most children. Self-reports were in line with these conclusions. Additionally, children used a mixture of strategies with considerable intra-individual variability, yet strategy use was nevertheless linked to age as well as performance levels
Graph Distillation for Action Detection with Privileged Modalities
We propose a technique that tackles action detection in multimodal videos
under a realistic and challenging condition in which only limited training data
and partially observed modalities are available. Common methods in transfer
learning do not take advantage of the extra modalities potentially available in
the source domain. On the other hand, previous work on multimodal learning only
focuses on a single domain or task and does not handle the modality discrepancy
between training and testing. In this work, we propose a method termed graph
distillation that incorporates rich privileged information from a large-scale
multimodal dataset in the source domain, and improves the learning in the
target domain where training data and modalities are scarce. We evaluate our
approach on action classification and detection tasks in multimodal videos, and
show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art by a large margin on the
NTU RGB+D and PKU-MMD benchmarks. The code is released at
http://alan.vision/eccv18_graph/.Comment: ECCV 201
Inadvertent Disclosure, the Attorney-Client Privilege, and Legal Ethics: An Examination and Suggestion for Alaska
LantmÀteriets stödenhet Utveckling och IT (UIT) ska inför ett mer agilt arbetssÀtt. Den agila arbetsmetoden ifrÄga Àr Lean Thinking, den vÀsterlÀndska adaptionen av Toyota Production System. För att underlÀtta vid en övergÄng till det nya arbetssÀttet, kartlÀggs de inledande faserna i projektarbetet, dÄ dessa saknar specifika anvisningar i den nuvarande projektstyrningsmodellen, Praktisk projektstyrning (PPS). UtifrÄn kartlÀggningen utfördes sÄ en tvÄstegsanalys, den första utifrÄn ett distribuerat kognitivt perspektiv och sedan utifrÄn de fem huvudprinciper frÄn Lean Thinking. Resultatet frÄn analysen resulterade sedan i ett antal förÀndringspunkter som UIT kan anvÀnda sig av vid bytet av arbetssÀtt. Dessa punkter inkluderar förslag att utnyttja digitala systems potential, skapa ett kontinuerligt flöde i arbetsprocessen genom att minska antalet pÄgÄende arbetsuppgifter pÄ en kanbantavla samt att projektgruppen har en medvetenhet om de olika system som anvÀnds förmÄga att hÄlla information aktuell
Network constraints on learnability of probabilistic motor sequences
Human learners are adept at grasping the complex relationships underlying
incoming sequential input. In the present work, we formalize complex
relationships as graph structures derived from temporal associations in motor
sequences. Next, we explore the extent to which learners are sensitive to key
variations in the topological properties inherent to those graph structures.
Participants performed a probabilistic motor sequence task in which the order
of button presses was determined by the traversal of graphs with modular,
lattice-like, or random organization. Graph nodes each represented a unique
button press and edges represented a transition between button presses. Results
indicate that learning, indexed here by participants' response times, was
strongly mediated by the graph's meso-scale organization, with modular graphs
being associated with shorter response times than random and lattice graphs.
Moreover, variations in a node's number of connections (degree) and a node's
role in mediating long-distance communication (betweenness centrality) impacted
graph learning, even after accounting for level of practice on that node. These
results demonstrate that the graph architecture underlying temporal sequences
of stimuli fundamentally constrains learning, and moreover that tools from
network science provide a valuable framework for assessing how learners encode
complex, temporally structured information.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Recent Advances in Theory, Methodology, and Applications of Imbalanced Learning
Imbalanced learning is a challenging task in machine learning, faced by practitioners, and intensively investigated by researchers from a wide range of communities. However, as pointed out in the book titled â Imbalanced Learning: Foundations, Algorithms, and Applications â and collectively authored by experts in the field, many if not most of the approaches to imbalanced learning are heuristic and ad hoc in nature, hence leaving many questions unanswered. To fill this gap, the aim of this Special Issue is to collect recent research works that focus on the theory, methodology, and applications of imbalanced learning. After carefully reviewing a large number of submissions, we selected 15 works to be included in this Special Issue. These works can be roughly categorized into three types: deep-learning-based methods (6), methods based on other machine-learning paradigms (7), and empirical comparative studies (2)
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