Power quality and electromagnetic compatibility: special report, session 2

The scope of Session 2 (S2) has been defined as follows by the Session Advisory Group and the Technical Committee: Power Quality (PQ), with the more general concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and with some related safety problems in electricity distribution systems. Special focus is put on voltage continuity (supply reliability, problem of outages) and voltage quality (voltage level, flicker, unbalance, harmonics). This session will also look at electromagnetic compatibility (mains frequency to 150 kHz), electromagnetic interferences and electric and magnetic fields issues. Also addressed in this session are electrical safety and immunity concerns (lightning issues, step, touch and transferred voltages). The aim of this special report is to present a synthesis of the present concerns in PQ&EMC, based on all selected papers of session 2 and related papers from other sessions, (152 papers in total). The report is divided in the following 4 blocks: Block 1: Electric and Magnetic Fields, EMC, Earthing systems Block 2: Harmonics Block 3: Voltage Variation Block 4: Power Quality Monitoring Two Round Tables will be organised: - Power quality and EMC in the Future Grid (CIGRE/CIRED WG C4.24, RT 13) - Reliability Benchmarking - why we should do it? What should be done in future? (RT 15

pandapower - an Open Source Python Tool for Convenient Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Electric Power Systems

pandapower is a Python based, BSD-licensed power system analysis tool aimed at automation of static and quasi-static analysis and optimization of balanced power systems. It provides power flow, optimal power flow, state estimation, topological graph searches and short circuit calculations according to IEC 60909. pandapower includes a Newton-Raphson power flow solver formerly based on PYPOWER, which has been accelerated with just-in-time compilation. Additional enhancements to the solver include the capability to model constant current loads, grids with multiple reference nodes and a connectivity check. The pandapower network model is based on electric elements, such as lines, two and three-winding transformers or ideal switches. All elements can be defined with nameplate parameters and are internally processed with equivalent circuit models, which have been validated against industry standard software tools. The tabular data structure used to define networks is based on the Python library pandas, which allows comfortable handling of input and output parameters. The implementation in Python makes pandapower easy to use and allows comfortable extension with third-party libraries. pandapower has been successfully applied in several grid studies as well as for educational purposes. A comprehensive, publicly available case-study demonstrates a possible application of pandapower in an automated time series calculation

Pendekatan psikologi dakwah menangani histeria remaja muslim di Selangor

Gejala histeria dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia merupakan epidemik sosial yang telah lama berlaku dalam masyarakat. Kejadian tersebut mengganggu proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran, psikologi, jasmani dan spiritual remaja. Pelbagai pendekatan pencegahan dilakukan oleh remaja dan pihak sekolah dalam menangani gejala yang berlaku, namun tidak menunjukkan pengurangannya. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti konsep histeria, menganalisis faktor dan simptom histeria remaja, mengenal pasti pendekatan psikologi dakwah untuk menangani histeria, mengkaji kaedah pencegahan yang dilakukan remaja terhadap gejala histeria serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor, simptom dan langkah pencegahan. Reka bentuk kajian adalah kajian tinjauan dengan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik dan temu bual. Seramai 122 orang responden yang mengalami histeria dari 10 buah sekolah di Selangor dipilih secara persampelan kelompok dan seramai 9 orang pelajar yang mengalami histeria ditemu bual. Temu bual turut dijalankan terhadap kaunselor, pakar psikiatri dan perawat perubatan Islam bagi menyokong dapatan kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat lima faktor histeria dalam kalangan remaja Muslim iaitu faktor psikologi, tekanan keluarga dan persekitaran, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan dan amalan keagamaan. Manakala dari aspek simptom, terdapat tiga bentuk simptom iaitu simptom gangguan emosi, psikiatri dan gangguan makhluk halus. Dari sudut pencegahan, remaja yang mengalami histeria kerap menggunakan pencegahan secara tazkiyah al-nafs, perawatan Islam dan psikiatri. Hasil analisis hubungan antara faktor dan simptom histeria mendapati faktor yang berhubung secara signifikan dengan ketiga-tiga simptom histeria adalah faktor psikologi, tekanan persekitaran dan kepercayaan dan kebudayaan. Manakala dari aspek pencegahan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pencegahan tazkiyah al-nafs dan perawatan Islam dengan simptom gangguan emosi. Implikasi kajian dapat membantu pelbagai pihak dalam menangani punca dan simptom histeria remaja dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi 3 dakwah

Monitoring and Fault Location Sensor Network for Underground Distribution Lines

One of the fundamental tasks of electric distribution utilities is guaranteeing a continuous supply of electricity to their customers. The primary distribution network is a critical part of these facilities because a fault in it could affect thousands of customers. However, the complexity of this network has been increased with the irruption of distributed generation, typical in a Smart Grid and which has significantly complicated some of the analyses, making it impossible to apply traditional techniques. This problem is intensified in underground lines where access is limited. As a possible solution, this paper proposes to make a deployment of a distributed sensor network along the power lines. This network proposes taking advantage of its distributed character to support new approaches of these analyses. In this sense, this paper describes the aquiculture of the proposed network (adapted to the power grid) based on nodes that use power line communication and energy harvesting techniques. In this sense, it also describes the implementation of a real prototype that has been used in some experiments to validate this technological adaptation. Additionally, beyond a simple use for monitoring, this paper also proposes the use of this approach to solve two typical distribution system operator problems, such as: fault location and failure forecasting in power cables.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Government of Spain project Sistema Inteligente Inalámbrico para Análisis y Monitorización de Líneas de Tensión Subterráneas en Smart Grids (SIIAM) TEC2013-40767-RMinisterio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Government of Spain, for the funding of the scholarship Formación de Profesorado Universitario 2016 (FPU 2016

Detection of Non-Technical Losses in Smart Distribution Networks: a Review

With the advent of smart grids, distribution utilities have initiated a large deployment of smart meters on the premises of the consumers. The enormous amount of data obtained from the consumers and communicated to the utility give new perspectives and possibilities for various analytics-based applications. In this paper the current smart metering-based energy-theft detection schemes are reviewed and discussed according to two main distinctive categories: A) system statebased, and B) arti cial intelligence-based.Comisión Europea FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IT

Assessment of unintentional islanding operations in distribution networks with large induction motors

This paper is aimed at assessing the impact of unintentional islanding operations (IOs) in the presence of large induction motors (IMs) within distribution networks (DNs). When a fault occurs,followingthecircuitbreaker(CB)faultclearing,theIMsacttransientlyasgenerators,duetoits inertia, until the CB reclosing takes place. The present work is the outcome of a project carried out in a small DN, where ¿eld measurements were recorded over two years. This paper provides a detailed description of the test system, a selected list of ¿eld measurements, and a discussion on modeling guidelinesusedtocreatethemodeloftheactualpowersystem. Themaingoalistovalidatethesystem model by comparing ¿eld measurements with simulation results. The comparison of simulations and ¿eld measurements prove the appropriateness of the modeling guidelines used in this work and highlight the high accuracy achieved in the implemented three-phase Matlab/Simulink modelPostprint (published version

Modelling, evaluation and demonstration of novel active voltage control schemes to accomodate distributed generation in distribution networks

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Voltage control in distribution networks is becoming more challenging due to the growing amount of distributed generation that is being connected to the distribution networks in addition to increasing load. The output of the distributed generation can radically change power flows and voltage profiles in distribution networks, creating conditions that adversely affect the performance of automatic voltage control schemes and in addition cause unacceptable voltage rise. On the other hand, inherent limitations and current operational policies of AVC schemes very often restrict the output of DG or even prevent its connection. This thesis investigates and analyses voltage control in terms of the shift from passive to active distribution networks. The thesis also reviews the performance of AVC schemes under varying load and generation output conditions, investigates effective utilisation of distribution network assets and methods to accommodate active voltage control schemes into existing infrastructure. A range of active voltage control and management schemes based on coordinated voltage control is presented and assessed. These schemes can be used to improve the voltage profile in distribution networks and increase their ability to accommodate distributed generation. The functionality of each scheme is assessed based on a number of factors such as the ability of the scheme to increase network capacity, reliability and accuracy. Simulation software to accurately evaluate the performance of an active voltage control scheme in a particular distribution network scenario is essential before the scheme can be deployed. Formal assessment of advanced AVC models and SuperTAPP n+ functionality is performed using simulation software as developed and presented in this thesis. The accuracy of the software results and performance of the SuperTAPP n+ scheme is validated based on network trials carried out in EDF Energy Networks.This work is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and EDF Energy Networks