Um framework para a geração de protocolos de roteamento para redes ad hoc sem fios

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.In´umeros protocolos de roteamento para redes ad hoc sem fios v#em sendo propostos, principalmente motivados pelos variados cen´arios em que podem ser implantados, pelos desafios introduzidos pelas potencialmente frequentes mudanc¸as de topologia, restric¸ #ao de recursos como bateria e mem´oria, bem como diferentes necessidades funcionais de cada aplicac¸ #ao. Cada qual se mostra melhor em determinadas m´etricas e cen´arios. As propostas que procuram permitir maior flexibilidade abrangendo maiores possibilidades de configurac¸ #ao e/ou o emprego de um n´umero maior de estrat ´egias geralmente carregam sobrecusto para o tempo de execuc¸ #ao sob a forma de tamanho de c´odigo ou gerenciamento do chaveamento de estrat´egias no caso dos protocolos din#amicos. Propusemos ent#ao, neste trabalho, um sistema composto por um conjunto de estrat´egias recorrentes em protocolos de roteamento para redes ad hoc sem fios em que ´e poss´ývel selecionar e combin´a-las da forma que melhor convier a uma determinada aplicac¸ #ao em espec´ýfico e gerar um protocolo completo, pronto para ser avaliado em campo ou em simulac¸ #oes. O sistema proposto combina as estrat´egias em tempo de compilac¸#ao, n#ao carregando qualquer sobrecusto advindo da arquitetura para o c´odigo objeto final. Apresentamos a proposta atrav´es da modelagem de 3 estrat´egias e as validamos atrav´es de simulac¸ #oes e execuc¸ #ao em nodos sensores reais. Os resultados corroboram a viabilidade e vantagens de um sistema flex´ývel de gerac¸ #ao de protocolos de roteamento para redes ad hoc sem fios que, ainda assim, n#ao incorre em sobrecusto em tempo de execuc¸ #ao. A large number of routing algorithms for wireless ad hoc networks are being proposed, mainly motivated by the variety of deployment scenarios, the challenges introduced by potentially frequent topology changes, restriction of resources such as battery andmemory, as well as different functional application#s needs. Each approach shows better performance in some specific metrics and scenarios. Proposals seeking greater flexibility allowing broader configuration possibilities and/or that uses more strategies usually carry the overhead to execution time, even by increasing the code size or by having to manage the switching of strategies in dynamic protocols. We propose in this work a system composed by a set of recurring strategies in routing protocols for wireless ad hoc networks, where it is possible to select and combine them in the way that best suits a specific application, generating a complete protocol, ready to be evaluated in field o simulations. The proposed system combines the strategies in compilation time, not carrying any overhead from the architecture to the final object code. We present the proposal by modeling 3 strategies and validate the system through simulation executions and real sensor nodes deployment. The results confirm the viability and advantages of a flexible system to generate routing protocols for ad hoc wireless networks and yet that does not carry any overhead to execution time

Routing Protocols for Efficient Communication in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks

In this paper we demonstrate the significant impact of the user mobility rates on the performance on two different approaches for designing routing protocols for ad-hoc mobile networks: (a) the route creation and maintenance approach and (b) the “support ” approach, that forces few hosts to move acting as “helpers ” for message delivery. We study a set of representative protocols for each approach, i.e. DSR and ZRP for the first approach and RUNNERS for the second. We have implemented the three protocols and performed a large scale and detailed simulation study of their performance. Our findings are: (i) DSR achieves low message delivery rates but manages to deliver messages very fast; (ii) ZRP behaves well in networks of low mobility rate, while its performance drops for networks of highly mobile users; (iii) RUNNERS seem to tolerate well (and in fact benefit from) high mobility rates. Based on our investigation, we design and implement two new protocols that result from the synthesis of the investigated routing approaches. We conducted an extensive, comparative simulation study of their performance. The new protocols behave well both in networks of diverse mobility motion rates, and in some cases they even outperform the original ones by achieving lower message delivery delays