THE ATTACHMENT STYLE AND EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE OF UNIVERSITY FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA

RESUMOEste trabalho relata a pesquisa que foi objeto da tese de mestrado de um estudante brasileiro, formado pela Universidade de Messina em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde no Ciclo de Vida - A. A. 2018/2019. Estudar no exterior não é uma escolha simples. Os estudantes que decidem enfrentar esse tipo de experiência encontram grandes desafios cognitivos, físicos e pessoais. Esse tipo de mudança pode expor o aluno à vulnerabilidade emocional, favorecendo o surgimento de dificuldades, como gerenciar tarefas diárias, lidar com a carga de estudos, exames e gestão do dinheiro (FORBES-MEWETT; SAWYER, 2016). O objetivo da pesquisa foi examinar a relação entre estilo de apego e experiência emocional em uma amostra de estudantes universitários estrangeiros; especificamente sintomas relacionados à ansiedade de separação e sintomas depressivos. O estudo envolveu 80 estudantes estrangeiros da Universidade de Messina matriculados em um curso de três anos; mestrado ou doutorado. Os participantes responderam a um questionário estruturado relacionado à experiência de estudar no exterior, um instrumento que verificava o estilo de apego (Revised attachment scale for adults - Version for close relationships, Collins, 1996); um instrumento que avaliava a presença de sintomas de ansiedade (Measure of severity for separation anxiety disorder – adult, APA, 2013) e um instrumento para verificar a presença de sintomas de depressão (Beck Depression Inventory II, Beck, Steer e Brown, 1967). Os resultados desta pesquisa oferecem ideias para melhorar os serviços oferecidos aos estudantes estrangeiros, a fim de incentivar a integração na Universidade de Messina e o bom resultado dos estudos.Palavras-chave: Apego. Estudantes estrangeiros. Ansiedade. Depressão. ABSTRACTThis work reports the research that was the subject of the master’s thesis of a Brazilian student, graduated from the University of Messina in Clinical and Health Psychology in the Life Cycle - A. A. 2018/2019. Studying abroad is not a simple choice. Students who decide to face this type of experience undergo great cognitive, physical and personal challenges. This type of change can expose the student to emotional vulnerability, favoring the onset of difficulties such as managing daily tasks, coping with the load of studies, exams and money management (Forbes-Mewett & Sawyer, 2016). The objective of the research was to examine the relationship between attachment style and emotional experience in a sample of university foreign students; specifically symptoms related to separation anxiety and depressive symptoms. The study involved 80 foreign students enrolled at the University of Messina in a three-year degree course; master degree or Ph.D. Participants answered a structured questionnaire related to their experience of studying abroad, as well as an instrument that checked the attachment style (Revised attachment scale for adults - Version for close relationships, Collins, 1996); an instrument that assessed the presence of anxiety symptoms (Measure of severity for separation anxiety disorder - adult, APA, 2013) and an instrument to verify the presence of depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory – II, Beck, Steer e Brown, 1967). The results of this research offer ideas for improving the services offered to foreign students, in order to encourage integration at the University of Messina and the successful outcome of studies.Keywords: Attachment. Foreign students. Anxiety. Depression

A transdisciplinary framework for ethical mobile mental health

Mobile mental health has been touted as a means of increasing access to mental health care. But there are significant challenges to the implementation of mobile mental health, such as limited evidence of effects and concerns with privacy and security. These challenges pose notable ethical concerns that must be addressed in order to ensure good and fair delivery of mental health care. Adding to this complexity is the multidisciplinary nature of the field and the need to involve all stakeholders to ensure ethical development and use of these technologies. In this thesis, I explore multidisciplinary perspectives and ethical experiences in mobile mental health with the aim of developing a transdisciplinary framework. This thesis makes five original contributions. First, it presents a comprehensive cross-disciplinary review of the ethics of mobile mental health (Chapter 3) including an in-depth evaluation of ethical issues in the wild (Chapter 4). These studies found ethical issues and considerations not conveyed in the literature and proposed elements of ethically designed apps for depression. Second, I present similarities and differences in the discussion and prioritisation of ethics across disciplines (Chapters 3) which supported the thesis aims and the importance of multidisciplinarity. Third, I used these findings to develop ethical design cards for digital mental health and show support for their use as a toolkit to help multidisciplinary teams to consider ethical issues when designing and developing digital mental health interventions (Chapter 5). Fourth, I present original research exploring how multidisciplinary stakeholders conceptualise ethical digital mental health (Chapter 5). I found that this was largely grounded in the adage of doing no harm, which was impacted by the values underlying the design and use of the technologies. Finally, I conclude the thesis by amalgamating these findings into a transdisciplinary framework that advances understanding and provides practical guidance on developing and using ethical mobile mental health (Chapter 6)