29 research outputs found
Blind audio watermarking technique based on two dimensional cellular automata
In this paper we propose a new method of digital audio watermarking based on two dimensional cellular automata; the method increases the dimension of the audio and uses cellular automata in generating the key of watermark embedding. The watermarking method is blind, and does not require the original host audio or any of its features to extract the watermark; the watermark can be easily extracted using the right key. The experimental results show that the watermarks are imperceptible; and show a high similarity between the original and the watermarked audio. Cosine similarity and peak signal-to-noise ratio were used to measure the similarity between the original audio and the watermarked audio
Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»
The article presents a digital audio watermarking method for air audio data transmission. The digital watermark occupies the whole frequency range of the audio signal. The digital watermark encodes one bit of information. A decision about transmitted bit is based on a sign of the center value of the mutual correlation function. Two methods to design the digital audio watermark are presented. Low complexity of presented methods of digital audio watermarking makes them suitable for use in smartphones. The method can be used in digital audio watermarking of both speech and music. Information is embedded via the digital watermark in the frequency domain of a host audio signal via amplitude modulation of its frequency constituents. The paper includes results of simulation modeling and natural experiments.Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π». ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½. Π¦ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ Π±ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ±Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
. ΠΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»
Audio watermarking for monitoring and copy protection
Based on existing technology used in image and video wa-termarking, we have developed a robust audio watermark-ing technique. The embedding algorithm operates in fre-quency domain, where the magnitudes of the Fourier co-efficients are slightly modified. In the temporal domain, an additional scale parameter and gain function are neces-sary to refine the watermark and achieve perceptual trans-parency. Watermark detection relies on the Symmetrical Phase Only Matched Filtering (SPOMF) cross-correlation approach. Not only the presence of a watermark, but also its cyclic shift is detected. This shift supports a multi-bit payload for one particular watermark sequence. The water-marking technology proved to be very robust o a large num-ber of signal processing "attacks " such as MP3 (64 kb/s), all-pass filtering, echo addition, time-scale modification, re-sampling, noise addition, etc. It is expected that this ap-proach may contribute in a wide variety of existing (e.g. monitoring and copy protection) and future applications
Steganographic Methods in Information Protection
New information protection methods are necessary. Steganography seems to be great opportunity to replace or supplement the cryptographic methods. Steganography gives additional possibilities. It allows to keep in
secret the communication fact and communicating sites personality. A lot of existing methods and the
proposal of a new one are presented in the article.ΠΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π°
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΊΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ.ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ