Rhythm measures and dimensions of durational variation in speech a)

a) Preliminary results obtained on part of the corpus were presented in "Rhythm measures with language-independent segmentation", Proceedings of Interspeech, Brighton, 2009Brighton, , 1531Brighton, -1534 Dimensions of durational variation in speech 1 Abstract Patterns of durational variation were examined by applying fifteen previously published rhythm measures to a large corpus of speech from five languages. In order to achieve consistent segmentation across all languages, an automatic speech recognition system was developed to divide the waveforms into consonantal and vocalic regions. The resulting duration measurements rest strictly on acoustic criteria. Machine classification showed that rhythm measures could separate languages at rates above chance. Between-language variability in rhythm measures, however, was large and comparable to within-language differences. Therefore, different languages could not be identified reliably. In experiments separating pairs of languages, a rhythm measure that was relatively successful at separating one pair often performed very poorly on another pair: there was no broadly successful rhythm measure. A combination of three rhythm measures was necessary for separation of all five languages at once. Many triplets were comparably effective, but the confusion patterns between languages varied with the choice of rhythm measures. These findings are similar to the results of perceptual studies, and they challenge the reality of rhythm classes

El ritmo del español y el del inglés. Repercusiones metodológicas sobre su medición acústica

Desde un abordaje fonológico, el ritmo de habla se considera como la suma de diversas propiedades fonético-fonológicas, como la estructura silábica, el rol del acento y la reducción vocálica. El español y el inglés representan dos tipologías rítmicas marcadamente diferenciadas. Para dar cuenta de las diferencias rítmicas de las lenguas se han instrumentado diversas mediciones acústicas. En este trabajo adoptamos dos de las principales métricas rítmicas de duración: %V y VarcoV, empleadas en dos tratamientos distintos según el cómputo de las pausas en el habla (métodos A y B del programa Correlatore) y según los elementos finales antes de las pausas (inclusión y exclusión del intervalo final). Por medio de un corpus obtenido de forma experimental, comparamos las distintas mediciones para dar cuenta de los cómputos más productivos a la hora de reflejar las diferencias del ritmo del español de la Patagonia argentina y el del inglés estándar de Inglaterra y Estados Unidos. Nuestros resultados indican que la manera más óptima de diferenciar estos dos ritmos corresponde al empleo de la métrica VarcoV por medio del método B y con exclusión del intervalo final

Speech rhythm in Spanish and English: Methodological implications about its acoustic measurement

Desde un abordaje fonológico, el ritmo de habla se considera como la suma de diversas propiedades fonético-fonológicas, como la estructura silábica, el rol del acento y la reducción vocálica. El español y el inglés representan dos tipologías rítmicas marcadamente diferenciadas. Para dar cuenta de las diferencias rítmicas de las lenguas se han instrumentado diversas mediciones acústicas. En este trabajo adoptamos dos de las principales métricas rítmicas de duración: %V y VarcoV, empleadas en dos tratamientos distintos según el cómputo de las pausas en el habla (métodos A y B del programa Correlatore) y según los elementos finales antes de las pausas (inclusión y exclusión del intervalo final). Por medio de un corpus obtenido de forma experimental, comparamos las distintas mediciones para dar cuenta de los cómputos más productivos a la hora de reflejar las diferencias del ritmo del español de la Patagonia argentina y el del inglés estándar de Inglaterra y Estados Unidos. Nuestros resultados indican que la manera más óptima de diferenciar estos dos ritmos corresponde al empleo de la métrica VarcoV por medio del método B y con exclusión del intervalo final.From a phonological approach, speech rhythm has been conceived of as the product of different phonetic and phonological properties, such as syllabic structure, the role of stress and vowel reduction. Spanish and English represent two clearly different rhythmic typologies. Many acoustic measurements have been developed in order to account for the rhythmic differences among languages. In this study two rhythm metrics are adopted: %V and VarcoV. These metrics are computed considering two treatments for pauses (method A and B from the software Correlatore) and the treatment for intervals before pauses (with inclusion or exclusion of final intervals). By means of a corpus obtained experimentally, different measurements are compared so as to get the most productive way of distinguishing the rhythm of Spanish in Patagonia, Argentina, and the rhythm from standard British English and standard American English. The results indicate that the most effective technique for reflecting rhythmical differences is by means of VarcoV, method B and exclusion of final intervals.Fil: Espinosa, Gonzalo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Patagónico de Estudios de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

El ritmo del español y el del inglés. Repercusiones metodológicas sobre su medición acústica / Speech rhythm in Spanish and English. Methodological implications about its acoustic measurement

Desde un abordaje fonológico, el ritmo de habla se considera como la suma de diversas propiedades fonético-fonológicas, como la estructura silábica, el rol del acento y la reducción vocálica. El español y el inglés representan dos tipologías rítmicas marcadamente diferenciadas. Para dar cuenta de las diferencias rítmicas de las lenguas se han instrumentado diversas mediciones acústicas. En este trabajo adoptamos dos de las principales métricas rítmicas de duración: %V y VarcoV, empleadas en dos tratamientos distintos según el cómputo de las pausas en el habla (métodos A y B del programa Correlatore) y según los elementos finales antes de las pausas (inclusión y exclusión del intervalo final). Por medio de un corpus obtenido de forma experimental, comparamos las distintas mediciones para dar cuenta de los cómputos más productivos a la hora de reflejar las diferencias del ritmo del español de la Patagonia argentina y el del inglés estándar de Inglaterra y Estados Unidos. Nuestros resultados indican que la manera más óptima de diferenciar estos dos ritmos corresponde al empleo de la métrica VarcoV por medio del método B y con exclusión del intervalo final. Palabras clave: ritmo de habla, métricas, español, inglés ABSTRACT From a phonological approach, speech rhythm has been conceived of as the product of different phonetic and phonological properties, such as syllabic structure, the role of stress and vowel reduction. Spanish and English represent two clearly different rhythmic typologies. Many acoustic measurements have been developed in order to account for the rhythmic differences among languages. In this study two rhythm metrics are adopted: %V and VarcoV. These metrics are computed considering two treatments for pauses (method A and B from the software Correlatore) and the treatment for intervals before pauses (with inclusion or exclusion of final intervals). By means of a corpus obtained experimentally, different measurements are compared so as to get the most productive way of distinguishing the rhythm of Spanish in Patagonia, Argentina, and the rhythm from standard British English and standard American English. The results indicate that the most effective technique for reflecting rhythmical differences is by means of VarcoV, method B and exclusion of final intervals. Keywords: speech rhythm, metrics, Spanish, Englis

Untersuchungen der rhythmischen Struktur von Sprache unter Alkoholeinfluss

This thesis is concerned with the rhythmical structure of speech under the influence of alcohol. All analyses presented are based on the Alcohol Language Corpus, which is a collection of speech uttered by 77 female and 85 male sober and intoxicated speakers. Experimental research was carried out to find robust, automatically extractable features of the speech signal that indicate speaker intoxication. These features included rhythm measures, which reflect the durational variability of vocalic and consonantal elements and are normally used to classify languages into different rhythm classes. The durational variability was found to be greater in the speech of intoxicated individuals than in the speech of sober individuals, which suggests, that speech of intoxicated speakers is more irregular than speech of sober speakers. Another set of features describes the dynamics of the short-time energy function of speech. Therefore different measures are derived from a sequence of energy minima and maxima. The results also reveal a greater irregularity in the speech of intoxicated individuals. A separate investigation about speaking rate included two different measures. One is based on the phonetic segmentation and is an estimate of the number of syllables per second. The other is the mean duration of the time intervals between successive maxima of the short-time energy function of speech. Both measures denote a decreased speaking rate in the speech of intoxicated speakers compared to speech uttered in sober condition. The results of a perception experiment show that a decrease in speaking rate also is an indicator for intoxication in the perception of speech. The last experiment investigates rhythmical features based on the fundamental frequency and energy contours of speech signals. Contours are compared directly with different distance measures (root mean square error, statistical correlation and the Euclidean distance in the spectral space of the contours). They are also compared by parameterization of the contours using Discrete Cosine Transform and the first and second moments of the lower DCT spectrum. A Principal Components Analysis on the contour data was also carried out to find fundamental contour forms regarding the speech of intoxicated and sober individuals. Concerning the distance measures, contours of speech signals uttered by intoxicated speakers differ significantly from contours of speech signals uttered in sober condition. Parameterization of the contours showed that fundamental frequency contours of speech signals uttered by intoxicated speakers consist of faster movements and energy contours of speech signals uttered by intoxicated speakers of slower movements than the respective contours of speech signals uttered in sober condition. Principal Components Analysis did not find any interpretable fundamental contour forms that could help distinguishing contours of speech signals of intoxicated speakers from those of speech uttered in sober condition. All analyses prove that the effects of alcoholic intoxication on different features of speech cannot be generalized but are to a great extent speaker-dependent

Rhythm measures with language-independent segmentation

We compare 15 measures of speech rhythm based on an automatic segmentation of speech into vowel-like and consonant-like regions. This allows us to apply identical segmentation criteria to all languages and to compute rhythm measures over a large corpus. It may also approximate more closely the segmentation available to pre-lexical infants, who apparently can discriminate between languages. We find that within-language variation is large and comparable to the between-languages differences we observed. We evaluate the success of different measures in separating languages and show that the efficiency of measures depends on the languages included in the corpus. Rhythm appears to be described by two dimensions and different published rhythm measures capture different aspects of it