26,121 research outputs found
Have Econometric Analyses of Happiness Data Been Futile? A Simple Truth About Happiness Scales
Econometric analyses in the happiness literature typically use subjective
well-being (SWB) data to compare the mean of observed or latent happiness
across samples. Recent critiques show that comparing the mean of ordinal data
is only valid under strong assumptions that are usually rejected by SWB data.
This leads to an open question whether much of the empirical studies in the
economics of happiness literature have been futile. In order to salvage some of
the prior results and avoid future issues, we suggest regression analysis of
SWB (and other ordinal data) should focus on the median rather than the mean.
Median comparisons using parametric models such as the ordered probit and logit
can be readily carried out using familiar statistical softwares like STATA. We
also show a previously assumed impractical task of estimating a semiparametric
median ordered-response model is also possible by using a novel constrained
mixed integer optimization technique. We use GSS data to show the famous
Easterlin Paradox from the happiness literature holds for the US independent of
any parametric assumption
Taking Mermin's Relational Interpretation of QM Beyond Cabello's and Seevinck's No-Go Theorems
In this paper we address a deeply interesting debate that took place at the
end of the last millennia between David Mermin, Adan Cabello and Michiel
Seevinck, regarding the meaning of relationalism within quantum theory. In a
series of papers, Mermin proposed an interpretation in which quantum
correlations were considered as elements of physical reality. Unfortunately,
the very young relational proposal by Mermin was too soon tackled by specially
suited no-go theorems designed by Cabello and Seevinck. In this work we attempt
to reconsider Mermin's program from the viewpoint of the Logos Categorical
Approach to QM. Following Mermin's original proposal, we will provide a
redefinition of quantum relation which not only can be understood as a
preexistent element of physical reality but is also capable to escape Cabello's
and Seevinck's no-go-theorems. In order to show explicitly that our notion of
ontological quantum relation is safe from no-go theorems we will derive a
non-contextuality theorem. We end the paper with a discussion regarding the
physical meaning of quantum relationalism.Comment: 19 pages, 1 phot
Towards a constructive simplicial model of Univalent Foundations
We provide a partial solution to the problem of defining a constructive
version of Voevodsky's simplicial model of univalent foundations. For this, we
prove constructive counterparts of the necessary results of simplicial homotopy
theory, building on the constructive version of the Kan-Quillen model structure
established by the second-named author. In particular, we show that dependent
products along fibrations with cofibrant domains preserve fibrations, establish
the weak equivalence extension property for weak equivalences between
fibrations with cofibrant domain and define a univalent classifying fibration
for small fibrations between bifibrant objects. These results allow us to
define a comprehension category supporting identity types, -types,
-types and a univalent universe, leaving only a coherence question to be
addressed.Comment: v3: changed the definition of the type Weq(U) of weak equivalences to
fix a problem with constructivity. Other Minor changes. 31 page
Types and forgetfulness in categorical linguistics and quantum mechanics
The role of types in categorical models of meaning is investigated. A general
scheme for how typed models of meaning may be used to compare sentences,
regardless of their grammatical structure is described, and a toy example is
used as an illustration. Taking as a starting point the question of whether the
evaluation of such a type system 'loses information', we consider the
parametrized typing associated with connectives from this viewpoint.
The answer to this question implies that, within full categorical models of
meaning, the objects associated with types must exhibit a simple but subtle
categorical property known as self-similarity. We investigate the category
theory behind this, with explicit reference to typed systems, and their
monoidal closed structure. We then demonstrate close connections between such
self-similar structures and dagger Frobenius algebras. In particular, we
demonstrate that the categorical structures implied by the polymorphically
typed connectives give rise to a (lax unitless) form of the special forms of
Frobenius algebras known as classical structures, used heavily in abstract
categorical approaches to quantum mechanics.Comment: 37 pages, 4 figure
Immanent Powers versus Causal Powers (Propensities, Latencies and Dispositions) in Quantum Mechanics
In this paper we compare two different notions of 'power', both of which
attempt to provide a realist understanding of quantum mechanics grounded on the
potential mode of existence. For this propose we will begin by introducing two
different notions of potentiality present already within Aristotelian
metaphysics, namely, irrational potentiality and rational potentiality. After
discussing the role played by potentiality within classical and quantum
mechanics, we will address the notion of causal power which is directly related
to irrational potentiality and has been adopted by many interpretations of QM.
We will then present the notion of immanent power which relates to rational
potentiality and argue that this new concept presents important advantages
regarding the possibilities it provides for understanding in a novel manner the
theory of quanta. We end our paper with a comparison between both notions of
'power', stressing some radical differences between them.Comment: Forthcoming in: Probing the Meaning and Structure of Quantum
Mechanics, D. Aerts, M.L. Dalla Chiara, C. de Ronde and D. Krause (Eds.),
World Scientific, Singapore. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1310.453
The performance of auction houses selling Picasso Prints.
It has been observed that similar prints can obtain quite different prices at different auctions within the same auction period. Previous works applying hedonic price technique to determine the formation of auction prices of objects of art have found no conclusive result about the impact of auction houses on final prices. In these studies the object of art has been the unit, and influence of auction houses is analysed by testing whether auction house impact on price is significant or not within a framework of central tendencies. In order to focus on auction houses as a unit we have applied a benchmarking technique, DEA, developed for efficiency studies. Performance indexes are defined and calculated giving an insight into auction house differences difficult to obtain using hedonic price approach.Performance; auction house; Picasso prints; hedonic price; benchmarking; best practice; DEA
Antecedents of personality disorder in childhood and adolescence: toward an integrative developmental model
Antecedents of personality disorder in childhood and adolescence have been a neglected area in official taxonomies of mental disorders such as the International Classification of Diseases or the different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. An evolving research field, however, underscores the importance of antecedents for understanding psychopathology and personality pathology in adulthood. The current article summarizes the history, updates reviews, and incorporates new research findings into an integrative scheme for conceptualizing personality pathology in childhood and adolescence. Implications of this model for assessment, future research, and intervention are discussed
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The Black (W)hole: Examining Institutional Racism in Doctoral Education, an OrgCrit Perspective
Centering the role of institutional racism within graduate education remains an understudied topic in existing literature on Black doctoral student socialization experiences at Predominantly White Institutions (PWI). This leaves us with a void of sortsâor a Black (w)holeâwhereby numerous studies acknowledge challenges within the collective Black doctoral student experience, yet, a hole (or void) exists within our understanding of how researchers interpret institutional racism at the center of their scholarly inquiry. Thus, this systematic literature review applied a critical organizational theory perspective to examine how higher education scholars grappled with the issue of institutional racism within their studies on Black doctoral students at PWIs.Educatio
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