47 research outputs found
Pseudo-Random Generator based on a Photonic Neuromorphic Physical Unclonable Function
In this work we provide numerical results concerning a silicon-on-insulator
photonic neuromorphic circuit configured as a physical unclonable function. The
proposed scheme is enhanced with the capability to be operated as an
unconventional deterministic pseudo-random number generator, suitable for
cryptographic applications that alleviates the need for key storage in
non-volatile digital media. The proposed photonic neuromorphic scheme is able
to offer NIST test compatible numbers with an extremely low false
positive/negative probability below 10-14. The proposed scheme offers
multi-functional capabilities due to the fact that it can be simultaneously
used as an integrated photonic accelerator for machine-learning applications
and as a hardware root of trust.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Printed smart devices for anti-counterfeiting allowing precise identification with household equipment
Counterfeiting has become a serious global problem, causing worldwide losses and disrupting the normal order of society. Physical unclonable functions are promising hardware-based cryptographic primitives, especially those generated by chemical processes showing a massive challenge-response pair space. However, current chemical-based physical unclonable function devices typically require complex fabrication processes or sophisticated characterization methods with only binary (bit) keys, limiting their practical applications and security properties. Here, we report a flexible laser printing method to synthesize unclonable electronics with high randomness, uniqueness, and repeatability. Hexadecimal resistive keys and binary optical keys can be obtained by the challenge with an ohmmeter and an optical microscope. These readout methods not only make the identification process available to general end users without professional expertise, but also guarantee device complexity and data capacity. An adopted open-source deep learning model guarantees precise identification with high reliability. The electrodes and connection wires are directly printed during laser writing, which allows electronics with different structures to be realized through free design. Meanwhile, the electronics exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The high physical unclonable function performance and the widely accessible readout methods, together with the flexibility and stability, make this synthesis strategy extremely attractive for practical applications
Photonic Physical Unclonable Functions: From the Concept to Fully Functional Device Operating in the Field
The scope of this paper is to demonstrate a fully working and compact
photonic Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) device capable of operating in real
life scenarios as an authentication mechanism and random number generator. For
this purpose, an extensive experimental investigation of a Polymer Optical
Fiber (POF) and a diffuser as PUF tokens is performed and the most significant
properties are evaluated using the proper mathematical tools. Two different
software algorithms, the Random Binary Method (RBM) and Singular Value
Decomposition (SVD), were tested for optimized key extraction and error
correction codes have been incorporated for enhancing key reproducibility. By
taking into consideration the limitations and overall performance derived by
the experimental evaluation of the system, the designing details towards the
implementation of a miniaturized, energy efficient and low-cost device are
extensively discussed. The performance of the final device is thoroughly
evaluated, demonstrating a long-term stability of 1 week, an operating
temperature range of 50C, an exponentially large pool of unique
Challenge-Response Pairs (CRPs), recovery after power failure and capability of
generating NIST compliant true random numbers
An all-in-one nanoprinting approach for the synthesis of a nanofilm library for unclonable anti-counterfeiting applications
In addition to causing trillion-dollar economic losses every year, counterfeiting threatens human health, social equity and national security. Current materials for anti-counterfeiting labelling typically contain toxic inorganic quantum dots and the techniques to produce unclonable patterns require tedious fabrication or complex readout methods. Here we present a nanoprinting-assisted flash synthesis approach that generates fluorescent nanofilms with physical unclonable function micropatterns in milliseconds. This all-in-one approach yields quenching-resistant carbon dots in solid films, directly from simple monosaccharides. Moreover, we establish a nanofilm library comprising 1,920 experiments, offering conditions for various optical properties and microstructures. We produce 100 individual physical unclonable function patterns exhibiting near-ideal bit uniformity (0.492 ± 0.018), high uniqueness (0.498 ± 0.021) and excellent reliability (>93%). These unclonable patterns can be quickly and independently read out by fluorescence and topography scanning, greatly improving their security. An open-source deep-learning model guarantees precise authentication, even if patterns are challenged with different resolutions or devices
An all-in-one nanoprinting approach for the synthesis of a nanofilm library for unclonable anti-counterfeiting applications
In addition to causing trillion-dollar economic losses every year, counterfeiting threatens human health, social equity and national security. Current materials for anti-counterfeiting labelling typically contain toxic inorganic quantum dots and the techniques to produce unclonable patterns require tedious fabrication or complex readout methods. Here we present a nanoprinting-assisted flash synthesis approach that generates fluorescent nanofilms with physical unclonable function micropatterns in milliseconds. This all-in-one approach yields quenching-resistant carbon dots in solid films, directly from simple monosaccharides. Moreover, we establish a nanofilm library comprising 1,920 experiments, offering conditions for various optical properties and microstructures. We produce 100 individual physical unclonable function patterns exhibiting near-ideal bit uniformity (0.492 ± 0.018), high uniqueness (0.498 ± 0.021) and excellent reliability (>93%). These unclonable patterns can be quickly and independently read out by fluorescence and topography scanning, greatly improving their security. An open-source deep-learning model guarantees precise authentication, even if patterns are challenged with different resolutions or devices
SpyHammer: Using RowHammer to Remotely Spy on Temperature
RowHammer is a DRAM vulnerability that can cause bit errors in a victim DRAM
row by just accessing its neighboring DRAM rows at a high-enough rate. Recent
studies demonstrate that new DRAM devices are becoming increasingly more
vulnerable to RowHammer, and many works demonstrate system-level attacks for
privilege escalation or information leakage. In this work, we leverage two key
observations about RowHammer characteristics to spy on DRAM temperature: 1)
RowHammer-induced bit error rate consistently increases (or decreases) as the
temperature increases, and 2) some DRAM cells that are vulnerable to RowHammer
cause bit errors only at a particular temperature. Based on these observations,
we propose a new RowHammer attack, called SpyHammer, that spies on the
temperature of critical systems such as industrial production lines, vehicles,
and medical systems. SpyHammer is the first practical attack that can spy on
DRAM temperature. SpyHammer can spy on absolute temperature with an error of
less than 2.5 {\deg}C at the 90th percentile of tested temperature points, for
12 real DRAM modules from 4 main manufacturers