Economics and Rationality of organizations: an approach to the work of Herbert A. Simon

One of the main achievements of Herbert A. Simon in organizational theory is analytically evaluating the psychology of individual and collective behavior thus opening the ground for further research D. Kahneman, and T. Schelling. This article provides an assessment of the contributions of Simon's theory of organizations with special emphasis on the criterion of bounded rationality. It is interpreted Simon's criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy and extends his analysis to the new institutional economics

Herbert Simon y la economía organizacional

This article evaluates Herbert A. Simon’s contribution to organization theory, placing special emphasis on the criterion of bounded rationality. Simon’s criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy is interpreted and his analysis is extended to institutional economics. One of Simon’s main achievements in organizational theory consisted of analytically evaluating the psychology of individual and collective behaviour, thereby opening up the way for future investigation by D. Kahneman and T. Schelling

Herbert Simon: bounded rationality y teoría de las organizaciones

This article evaluates Herbert A. Simon’s contribution to organization theory, placing special emphasis on the criterion of bounded rationality. Simon’s criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy is interpreted and his analysis is extended to institutional economics. One of Simon’s main achievements in organizational theory consisted of analytically evaluating the psychology of individual and collective behaviour, thereby opening up the way for future investigation by D. Kahneman and T. Schelling

Herbert Simon: bounded rationality y teoría de las organizaciones

This article evaluates Herbert A. Simon’s contribution to organization theory, placing special emphasis on the criterion of bounded rationality. Simon’s criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy is interpreted and his analysis is extended to institutional economics. One of Simon’s main achievements in organizational theory consisted of analytically evaluating the psychology of individual and collective behaviour, thereby opening up the way for future investigation by D. Kahneman and T. Schelling

Herbert Simon y la economía organizacional

This article evaluates Herbert A. Simon’s contribution to organization theory, placing special emphasis on the criterion of bounded rationality. Simon’s criticism of the orthodox version of organizational bureaucracy is interpreted and his analysis is extended to institutional economics. One of Simon’s main achievements in organizational theory consisted of analytically evaluating the psychology of individual and collective behaviour, thereby opening up the way for future investigation by D. Kahneman and T. Schelling

Artificial Intelligence Research Branch future plans

This report contains information on the activities of the Artificial Intelligence Research Branch (FIA) at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in 1992, as well as planned work in 1993. These activities span a range from basic scientific research through engineering development to fielded NASA applications, particularly those applications that are enabled by basic research carried out in FIA. Work is conducted in-house and through collaborative partners in academia and industry. All of our work has research themes with a dual commitment to technical excellence and applicability to NASA short, medium, and long-term problems. FIA acts as the Agency's lead organization for research aspects of artificial intelligence, working closely with a second research laboratory at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and AI applications groups throughout all NASA centers. This report is organized along three major research themes: (1) Planning and Scheduling: deciding on a sequence of actions to achieve a set of complex goals and determining when to execute those actions and how to allocate resources to carry them out; (2) Machine Learning: techniques for forming theories about natural and man-made phenomena; and for improving the problem-solving performance of computational systems over time; and (3) Research on the acquisition, representation, and utilization of knowledge in support of diagnosis design of engineered systems and analysis of actual systems

Fault propagation, detection and analysis in process systems

Process systems are often complicated and liable to experience faults and their effects. Faults can adversely affect the safety of the plant, its environmental impact and economic operation. As such, fault diagnosis in process systems is an active area of research and development in both academia and industry. The work reported in this thesis contributes to fault diagnosis by exploring the modelling and analysis of fault propagation and detection in process systems. This is done by posing and answering three research questions. What are the necessary ingredients of a fault diagnosis model? What information should a fault diagnosis model yield? Finally, what types of model are appropriate to fault diagnosis? To answer these questions , the assumption of the research is that the behaviour of a process system arises from the causal structure of the process system. On this basis, the research presented in this thesis develops a two-level approach to fault diagnosis based on detailed process information, and modelling and analysis techniques for representing causality. In the first instance, a qualitative approach is developed called a level 1 fusion. The level 1 fusion models the detailed causality of the system using digraphs. The level 1 fusion is a causal map of the process. Such causal maps can be searched to discover and analyse fault propagation paths through the process. By directly building on the level 1 fusion, a quantitative level 2 fusion is developed which uses a type of digraph called a Bayesian network. By associating process variables with fault variables, and using conditional probability theory, it is shown how measured effects can be used to calculate and rank the probability of candidate causes. The novel contributions are the development of a systematic approach to fault diagnosis based on modelling the chemistry, physics, and architecture of the process. It is also shown how the control and instrumentation system constrains the casualty of the process. By demonstrating how digraph models can be reversed, it is shown how both cause-to-effect and effect-to-cause analysis can be carried out. In answering the three research questions, this research shows that it is feasible to gain detailed insights into fault propagation by qualitatively modelling the physical causality of the process system. It is also shown that a qualitative fault diagnosis model can be used as the basis for a quantitative fault diagnosis modelOpen Acces