Antimisting kerosene atomization and flammability

Various parameters found to affect the flammability of antimisting kerosene (Jet A + polymer additive) are investigated. Digital image processing was integrated into a technique for measurement of fuel spray characteristics. This technique was developed to avoid many of the error sources inherent to other spray assessment techniques and was applied to the study of engine fuel nozzle atomization performance with Jet A and antimisting fuel. Aircraft accident fuel spill and ignition dynamics were modeled in a steady state simulator allowing flammability to be measured as a function of airspeed, fuel flow rate, fuel jet Reynolds number and polymer concentration. The digital imaging technique was employed to measure spray characteristics in this simulation and these results were related to flammability test results. Scaling relationships were investigated through correlation of experimental results with characteristic dimensions spanning more than two orders of magnitude

Doppler Encoded Excitation Patterning (DEEP) Microscopy

Traditional optical imaging systems rely on lenses and spatially-resolved detection to probe distinct locations on the object. We develop a novel computational approach to 2D and 3D imaging that instead measures the object\u27s spatial Fourier transform using a single-element detector and without requiring precision optics. This wide-field technique can be used to image biological and synthetic structures in fluoresced or scattered light using coherent or broadband illumination. It employs dynamic structured illumination, acousto-optics, RF electronics, and tomographic algorithms to circumvent several trade-offs in conventional imaging, such as the dependence of the optical transfer function on the imaging lenses and the coupling of resolution and depth of field. We use Fourier optics concepts to derive the dynamic optical transfer function, evaluate different Fourier sampling strategies, and investigate and compare tomographic algorithms for 2D and 3D image synthesis. We also develop conceptual and analytical models to describe imaging of fluorescent as well as amplitude and phase scattering objects, the effects of broadband and spatially-incoherent illumination, and nonlinear wide-field super-resolution imaging. We consider sources of noise, analyze and simulate SNR behavior for several types of noise and Fourier sampling strategies, and compare the sensitivity of the technique to conventional imaging. We describe several experimental proof-of-concept systems and present two-dimensional high-resolution tomographic image reconstructions in both scattered and fluoresced light demonstrating a thousandfold improvement in the depth of field compared to conventional lens-based microscopy. Finally, we explore approaches for high-speed Fourier sampling and propose several related sensing techniques, including wide-field fluorescence imaging in scattering media

NASA-HBCU Space Science and Engineering Research Forum Proceedings

The proceedings of the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) forum are presented. A wide range of research topics from plant science to space science and related academic areas was covered. The sessions were divided into the following subject areas: Life science; Mathematical modeling, image processing, pattern recognition, and algorithms; Microgravity processing, space utilization and application; Physical science and chemistry; Research and training programs; Space science (astronomy, planetary science, asteroids, moon); Space technology (engineering, structures and systems for application in space); Space technology (physics of materials and systems for space applications); and Technology (materials, techniques, measurements)

Advanced Image Acquisition, Processing Techniques and Applications

"Advanced Image Acquisition, Processing Techniques and Applications" is the first book of a series that provides image processing principles and practical software implementation on a broad range of applications. The book integrates material from leading researchers on Applied Digital Image Acquisition and Processing. An important feature of the book is its emphasis on software tools and scientific computing in order to enhance results and arrive at problem solution

Data catalog of satellite experiments

The availability of space science data, a description of the data, and a description of the services supplied by the National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is presented. A series of cumulative indexes that reference the data descriptions contain: (1) a chronological listing of all spacecraft, experiments, and data descriptions; (2) an index of all spacecraft described, identified by common names and alternate names; (3) a listing of the original experiment institutions for experiments described; (4) a listing of the investigators associated with the experiments and their current affiliations; and (5) two displays of information about experiment data coverage for fields and particle data and a listing of all experiments sorted by phenomenon measured

Center for Space Transportation and Applied Research Fifth Annual Technical Symposium Proceedings

This Fifth Annual Technical Symposium, sponsored by the UT-Calspan Center for Space Transportation and Applied Research (CSTAR), is organized to provide an overview of the technical accomplishments of the Center's five Research and Technology focus areas during the past year. These areas include chemical propulsion, electric propulsion, commerical space transportation, computational methods, and laser materials processing. Papers in the area of artificial intelligence/expert systems are also presented

The 1994 Silver Anniversary of APOLLO 11: From the Moon to the Stars

This report summarizes the technology transfer, advanced studies, and research and technology efforts in progress at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in 1994

Design, Development, and Prelaunch Calibration of a Low Cost 118.75 GHz Temperature Sounding Radiometer for CubeSat Missions

The 118.75 GHz eight-channel, double-side-band scanning temperature sounding radiometer &ldquo;MiniRad&rdquo; for CubeSat missions is intended to serve as a demonstrator for a constellation of low cost, quick turn-around millimeter wave and higher frequency passive sounders and imagers for weather forecasting at high spatial and temporal resolution. This radiometer payload, built at the Center for Environmental Technology in partnership with the Colorado Space Grant Consortium and the National Snow and Ice Data Center at the University of Colorado at Boulder, can provide a 3D temperature map from the earth's surface to an altitude of 18~km. For precise prelaunch antenna calibration, an HE11 mode full wave electromagnetic field analysis was developed in Matlab for determination of an optimal feed horn and offset paraboloidal reflector geometry such that the main beam and spillover efficiencies of the system are maximized, and these and the antenna phase center location that maximizes phase efficiency are precisely known. Results from this analysis were also compared with HFSS and GRASP simulations of the antenna subsystem. The efficacy of employing a 3D-printed corrugated conical horn, operable between 110 and 127 GHz, as the feed for the reflector was addressed due to its very low cost and rapid manufacturability. Horn measurements indicated a reflection coefficient below -15 dB and an 89% average spillover efficiency at the main reflector subtending a 16&deg; half-angle. The need for a compact intermediate frequency spectrometer for operation between 50 MHz and 7 GHz resulted in the design and development of an eight-channel lumped element filterbank with bandwidths between 0.25 and 2.2 GHz. Laboratory experiments implemented to characterize the MiniRad helped in achieving radiometer sensitivities close to theoretical limits. Initial performance obtained from airborne measurements over Antarctica during the NASA Operation IceBridge experiment in Oct-Nov 2016 suggested a well-focused scanning antenna subsystem and good separation between the radiometer channels. After final system integration, measurements obtained from prelaunch experiments indicated the antenna 3-dB beamwidth to be broader by ~0.1&deg; compared to the idealized simulated pattern, and radiometer sensitivities that agreed to better than 0.5 K with theoretical estimates across all eight channels.</p

The Sixth Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research (SOAR 1992)

This document contains papers presented at the Space Operations, Applications, and Research Symposium (SOAR) hosted by the U.S. Air Force (USAF) on 4-6 Aug. 1992 and held at the JSC Gilruth Recreation Center. The symposium was cosponsored by the Air Force Material Command and by NASA/JSC. Key technical areas covered during the symposium were robotic and telepresence, automation and intelligent systems, human factors, life sciences, and space maintenance and servicing. The SOAR differed from most other conferences in that it was concerned with Government-sponsored research and development relevant to aerospace operations. The symposium's proceedings include papers covering various disciplines presented by experts from NASA, the USAF, universities, and industry