Evaluasi Kinerja Penerapan Koordinasi Interferensi Pada Sistem Komunikasi LTE-Advanced Dengan Relay

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi di Indonesia akan memasuki era LTE–advanced (4G) yang memiliki beberapa kemampuan yang semakin menguntungkan pengguna. Salah satu kemampuan yang dimiliki adalah meningkatkan performansi user yang berada pada daerah tepi sel dengan meletakkan relay pada daerah tersebut. Teknologi ini memiliki permasalahan mengenai inter–cell interference (ICI) dan nilai throughput pada daerah tepi sel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis tentang dampak dari penambahan koordinasi interferensi pada sistem komunikasi LTE–advanced dengan relay, yang dapat mengurangi interferensi antar–relay dan meningkatkan kinerja sistem. Koordinasi interferensi yang digunakan adalah teknik penjadwalan penggunaan resource pada access link di setiap relay. Teknik penjadwalan dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu, penghitungan alokasi resource setiap relay, dan perhitungan jumlah subframe komunikasi semua user pada masing – masing relay. Dengan menggunakan teknik penjadwalan pada access link, maka pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pengguna yang berada di ujung cakupan (daerah tepi sel) akan memiliki performansi yang lebih baik. Parameter performansi yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), throughput, spectral efficiency, dan BER (Bit Error Rate)

Evaluasi Kinerja Penerapan Koordinasi Interferensi pada Sistem Komunikasi LTE-Advanced dengan Relay

Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi di Indonesia akan memasuki era LTE–advanced (4G) yang memiliki beberapa kemampuan yang semakin menguntungkan pengguna. Salah satu kemampuan yang dimiliki adalah meningkatkan performansi user yang berada pada daerah tepi sel dengan meletakkan relay pada daerah tersebut. Teknologi ini memiliki permasalahan mengenai inter–cell interference (ICI) dan nilai throughput pada daerah tepi sel. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis tentang dampak dari penambahan koordinasi interferensi pada sistem komunikasi LTE–advanced dengan relay, yang dapat mengurangi interferensi antar–relay dan meningkatkan kinerja sistem. Koordinasi interferensi yang digunakan adalah teknik penjadwalan penggunaan resource pada access link di setiap relay. Teknik penjadwalan dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu, penghitungan alokasi resource setiap relay, dan perhitungan jumlah subframe komunikasi semua user pada masing – masing relay. Dengan menggunakan teknik penjadwalan pada access link, maka pelayanan yang diberikan kepada pengguna yang berada di ujung cakupan (daerah tepi sel) akan memiliki performansi yang lebih baik. Parameter performansi yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), throughput, spectral efficiency, dan BER (Bit Error Rate)

LTE-Advanced radio access enhancements: A survey

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) is the next step in LTE evolution and allows operators to improve network performance and service capabilities through smooth deployment of new techniques and technologies. LTE-Advanced uses some new features on top of the existing LTE standards to provide better user experience and higher throughputs. Some of the most significant features introduced in LTE-Advanced are carrier aggregation, enhancements in heterogeneous networks, coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, enhanced multiple input multiple output usage and deployment of relay nodes in the radio network. Mentioned features are mainly aimed to enhance the radio access part of the cellular networks. This survey article presents an overview of the key radio access features and functionalities of the LTE-Advanced radio access network, supported by the simulation results. We also provide a detailed review of the literature together with a very rich list of the references for each of the features. An LTE-Advanced roadmap and the latest updates and trends in LTE markets are also presented

Inband Relaying in Long Term Evolution-Advanced Networks

The set of stringent requirements for 4G radio access networks has triggered the embodiment of new small low-power nodes, e.g. relay, Femto and Pico access nodes, as part of the network infrastructure. Various types of relay nodes are currently supported in IEEE 802.16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced, e.g. inband Layer 2 or Layer 3 nodes and outband nodes, considering different functional capabilities and backhauling characteristics. In general, relay nodes are characterized by compact physical characteristics, low power consumption, a wireless backhaul link to the core network, and relaxed installation guidelines with respect to radiation and planning regulation. In specific, inband relay nodes, the matter of this study, are Layer 3 access nodes with time-multiplexed transmission and reception on their wireless backhaul and access links, which operate on the same frequency band. These characteristics impose serious challenges on one hand, but allow for significant improvements on the other hand. In this context, the deployment flexibility of relay nodes simplifies the network planning procedure and reduces deployment costs. On the other hand, low power transmission and limited antenna capabilities result in small relay cell coverage areas which will lead to load imbalances. Besides, multiplexing backhaul and access communications on different subframes implies the need for suitable two-hop resource allocation and scheduling. Further challenges are attributed to increased interference levels compared to macrocell deployments, as well as the introduction of a new interference type known as relay-to-relay interference resulting from the misalignment of access and backhaul link dedicated subframes at different relay nodes. The research towards this thesis has addressed these challenges within 3GPP LTE-Advanced context. A feasibility study of different relaying modes is provided and the performance of relay deployments is evaluated in different propagation environments. Thereafter, simple network planning techniques are proposed to alleviate the limitations of the inband backhaul link. Further, novel techniques are investigated to address resource allocation and scheduling, load balancing and interference coordination. The performance of proposed techniques along with the energy efficiency of relay nodes is evaluated. Results show in general significant gains and validate relaying as an efficient enhancement technology

Backhaul Link Enhancement and Radio Resource Management for Relay Deployments

Mobile networks are experiencing a dramatic increase in the data traffic. Besides, a continuously growing number of users expect mobile broadband access with the utmost in quality and ubiquitous connectivity. In this regard, multi-hop decode-and-forward relaying is a promising enhancement to existing radio access networks to fulfill the challenging requirements in a cost-efficient way and, thus, is an integral part of the Fourth Generation (4G) standards. Nevertheless, in order to fully exploit the potential benefits of relay deployments, proper radio resource management (RRM) is necessary. The research in this thesis has contributed to cellular relay deployments for future mobile networks. Concretely, we have developed key RRM concepts with a particular focus on the uplink (UL) system performance to complement the existing literature. We have demonstrated the performance of these concepts by taking Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Release 10 and beyond (LTE-Advanced) Type 1 inband relaying as a practical framework, and by considering urban and suburban scenarios. First, by performing relay site planning (RSP) we aim at improving the quality of the wireless backhaul which is crucial for the end-to-end user performance. Then, we analyze UL power control (PC) and verify its importance and applicability in relay deployments. In this context, we propose manual and automated optimizations to tune PC parameters on all links to further enhance the system performance. Moreover, we study the energy efficiency by taking into account throughput (TP) per power consumption. Further, we investigate various resource sharing strategies among and within the links. Via proposed approaches, performance enhancement is targeted along with higher system fairness and more flexible resource allocation. In addition, we address a key issue regarding the small coverage area of an RN cell in the overlaying macrocell, which results in load imbalances, inefficient resource utilization, and increased UL inter-cell interference. Specifically, we apply practical cell range extension (CRE) techniques to cope with these drawbacks. Performance evaluations reveal that relay deployments clearly outperform macrocell-only deployments in terms of TP as well as TP per power consumption provided that proper RRM is performed. Our results also verify that the use of RSP yields substantial improvements. Furthermore, our results show that the proposed RRM concepts and the associated joint optimization strategies can fulfill the aforementioned goals while achieving significant system performance enhancements

Distributed radio resource management in LTE-advanced networks with type 1 relay

Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced is proposed as a candidate of the 4th generation (4G) mobile telecommunication systems. As an evolved version of LTE, LTE- Advanced is also based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and in addition, it adopts some emerging technologies, such as relaying. Type I relay nodes, de_ned in LTE-Advanced standards, can control their cells with their own reference signals and have Radio Resource Management (RRM) functionalities. The rationale of RRM is to decide which resources are allocated to which users for optimising performance metrics, such as throughput, fairness, power consumption and Quality of Service (QoS). The RRM techniques in LTE-Advanced networks, including route selection, resource partitioning and resource scheduling, are facing new challenges brought by Type 1 relay nodes and increasingly becoming research focuses in recent years. The research work presented in this thesis has made the following contributions. A service-aware adaptive bidirectional optimisation route selection strategy is proposed to consider both uplink optimisation and downlink optimisation according to service type. The load between di_erent serving nodes, including eNBs and relay nodes, are rebalanced under the _xed resource partitioning. The simulation results show that larger uplink throughputs and bidirectional throughputs can be achieved, compared with existing route selection strategies. A distributed two-hop proportional fair resource allocation scheme is proposed in order to provide better two-hop end-to-end proportional fairness for all the User Equipments (UEs), especially for the relay UEs. The resource partitioning is based on the cases of none Frequency Reuse (FR) pattern, full FR pattern and partial FR patterns. The resource scheduling in access links and backhaul links are considered jointly. A proportional fair joint route selection and resource partitioning algorithm isproposed to obtain an improved solution to the two-hop Adaptive Partial Frequency Reusing (APFR) problem with one relay node per cell. In addition, two special situations of APFR, full FR and no FR, are utilised to narrow the iterative search range of the proposed algorithm and reduce its complexity