Survey and Systematization of Secure Device Pairing

Secure Device Pairing (SDP) schemes have been developed to facilitate secure communications among smart devices, both personal mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Comparison and assessment of SDP schemes is troublesome, because each scheme makes different assumptions about out-of-band channels and adversary models, and are driven by their particular use-cases. A conceptual model that facilitates meaningful comparison among SDP schemes is missing. We provide such a model. In this article, we survey and analyze a wide range of SDP schemes that are described in the literature, including a number that have been adopted as standards. A system model and consistent terminology for SDP schemes are built on the foundation of this survey, which are then used to classify existing SDP schemes into a taxonomy that, for the first time, enables their meaningful comparison and analysis.The existing SDP schemes are analyzed using this model, revealing common systemic security weaknesses among the surveyed SDP schemes that should become priority areas for future SDP research, such as improving the integration of privacy requirements into the design of SDP schemes. Our results allow SDP scheme designers to create schemes that are more easily comparable with one another, and to assist the prevention of persisting the weaknesses common to the current generation of SDP schemes.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, accepted at IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 2017 (Volume: PP, Issue: 99

Continuous Authentication for Voice Assistants

Voice has become an increasingly popular User Interaction (UI) channel, mainly contributing to the ongoing trend of wearables, smart vehicles, and home automation systems. Voice assistants such as Siri, Google Now and Cortana, have become our everyday fixtures, especially in scenarios where touch interfaces are inconvenient or even dangerous to use, such as driving or exercising. Nevertheless, the open nature of the voice channel makes voice assistants difficult to secure and exposed to various attacks as demonstrated by security researchers. In this paper, we present VAuth, the first system that provides continuous and usable authentication for voice assistants. We design VAuth to fit in various widely-adopted wearable devices, such as eyeglasses, earphones/buds and necklaces, where it collects the body-surface vibrations of the user and matches it with the speech signal received by the voice assistant's microphone. VAuth guarantees that the voice assistant executes only the commands that originate from the voice of the owner. We have evaluated VAuth with 18 users and 30 voice commands and find it to achieve an almost perfect matching accuracy with less than 0.1% false positive rate, regardless of VAuth's position on the body and the user's language, accent or mobility. VAuth successfully thwarts different practical attacks, such as replayed attacks, mangled voice attacks, or impersonation attacks. It also has low energy and latency overheads and is compatible with most existing voice assistants

Key Generation for Internet of Things

Key generation is a promising technique to bootstrap secure communications for the Internet of Things devices that have no prior knowledge between each other. In the past few years, a variety of key generation protocols and systems have been proposed. In this survey, we review and categorise recent key generation systems based on a novel taxonomy. Then, we provide both quantitative and qualitative comparisons of existing approaches. We also discuss the security vulnerabilities of key generation schemes and possible countermeasures. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and point out several potential research directions

Key Generation for Internet of Things: A Contemporary Survey

Key generation is a promising technique to bootstrap secure communications for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices that have no prior knowledge between each other. In the past few years, a variety of key generation protocols and systems have been proposed. In this survey, we review and categorise recent key generation systems based on a novel taxonomy. Then, we provide both quantitative and qualitative comparisons of existing approaches. We also discuss the security vulnerabilities of key generation schemes and possible countermeasures. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and point out several potential research directions

Design of the phonocardiography appliance for coronary artery disease diagnosing and monitoring : business perspectives analysis of innovative medical technologies for cardiovascular diseases in Finland

The topic of this study is the application of modern medical technology to cardiovascular conditions. The main purpose of that research is to evaluate myocardium disorders from the versatile perspectives and propose the design of a socially-demanding and financially-efficient technological solution targeted to coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosing and monitoring. Phonocardiography and audial CAD detection are discussed as innovative methods for personalized healthcare applications and based on that, digital product design is developed in the form of functional specification, wearable device model, iOS and WatchOS applications interface architecture. In addition to the diseases study, myocardium signals acquisition discussion and to device design itself, market research is conducted. It is focused on medical technologies segment in general and cardiological systems in particular. Finland and Nordic Europe are the major covered regions, while global trends are outlined to collect the vision on the general market tendency. Core assessment topics are medical technology product distribution models, investment potential and development barriers. The final result could be used as a foundation for further product development and as an overview or guidelines for businesses interested in healthcare Internet-of-Things and cardiological systems

Deep learning with wearable based heart rate variability for prediction of mental and general health

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordData Availability: The data collected in this study resides in a secure network and access to data for further analysis would require further ethics approval due to the data containing sensitive participant information, but may be available upon request.The ubiquity and commoditisation of wearable biosensors (fitness bands) has led to a deluge of personal healthcare data, but with limited analytics typically fed back to the user. The feasibility of feeding back more complex, seemingly unrelated measures to users was investigated, by assessing whether increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression (factors known to affect cardiac function) and general health measures could be accurately predicted using heart rate variability (HRV) data from wrist wearables alone. Levels of stress, anxiety, depression and general health were evaluated from subjective questionnaires completed on a weekly or twice-weekly basis by 652 participants. These scores were then converted into binary levels (either above or below a set threshold) for each health measure and used as tags to train Deep Neural Networks (LSTMs) to classify each health measure using HRV data alone. Three data input types were investigated: time domain, frequency domain and typical HRV measures. For mental health measures, classification accuracies of up to 83% and 73% were achieved, with five and two minute HRV data streams respectively, showing improved predictive capability and potential future wearable use for tracking stress and well-being.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC

A Low-Cost and Energy-Effcient Wearable Device For Posture Monitoring

Millions of Americans suffer every year from back problems, now imagine if there was a way to help track and prevent back problems. Our solution to this problem is PostureBot a device that will help its users to correct their back posture and maintain good back posture.In doing so this device can help elevate and prevent people from developing minor and serious back problems in their future