Anomaly detection in a cutting tool by K-means clustering and Support Vector Machines

This paper concerns the analysis of experimental data, verifying the applicability of signal analysis techniques for condition monitoring of a packaging machine. In particular, the activity focuses on the cutting process that divides a continuous flow of packaging paper into single packages. The cutting process is made by a steel knife driven by a hydraulic system. Actually, the knives are frequently substituted, causing frequent stops of the machine and consequent lost production costs. The aim of this paper is to develop a diagnostic procedure to assess the wearing condition of blades, reducing the stops for maintenance. The packaging machine was provided with pressure sensor that monitors the hydraulic system driving the blade. Processing the pressure data comprises three main steps: the selection of scalar quantities that could be indicative of the condition of the knife. A clustering analysis was used to set up a threshold between unfaulted and faulted knives. Finally, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was applied to classify the technical condition of knife during its lifetime

ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ТОПЛИВОПОДАЧИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫХ ДВС ТЕСТОВЫМ МЕТОДОМ

According to scientific studies dealing with the statistics of ICE (internal combustion engine) failures, most of them are registered in the ignition system (25 %) and the power system (35 %). The operable state of the ICE fuel system can be maintained by developing effective testing methods. For the purpose of theoretical research, we designed a DBD-4 testing device in the methodological part of our research. The use of the developed methodologies and instrumentation allowed us to carry out experimental studies to diagnose the operability of the fuel supply system. Analyzing the obtained experimental data, we can affirm that: there is a stable relationship between the change in the ICE crankshaft speed and the change in the injection duration of the electromagnetic injector; the degree of wear of the electric fuel pump (EFP) is determined by the shift of the stable value of the crankshaft speed to the zone of low speed values at the same injection durations. The data obtained after testing the EFP allows us to plan a further algorithm of actions to maintain the operability of the fuel supply system.Согласно научным исследованиям, посвященным статистике возникновения неисправностей в ДВС, наибольшее распространение отказов наблюдается в системе зажигания (25 %) и системе питания (35 %). Работоспособное состояние топливной системы двигателя внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) возможно сохранить за счет разработки эффективных методов тестового диагностирования. С целью теоретических исследований в методической части исследований был разработан прибор для тестового диагностирования ДБД-4. Использование разработанных методик и приборных средств позволило провести экспериментальные исследования по диагностированию работоспособности системы топливоподачи. Анализируя полученные данные эксперимента, можно утверждать, что: наблюдается устойчивая взаимосвязь между изменением частоты вращения коленчатого вала ДВС и изменением длительности впрыска электромагнитной форсунки; степень износа электротопливного насоса (ЭТН) определяется смещением устойчивого значения частоты вращения коленчатого вала в зону низких значений частот при тех же длительностях впрыска форсунки. Полученные данные после испытания ЭТН позволяют спланировать дальнейший алгоритм действий по поддержанию работоспособности системы топливоподачи

Composite Fault Diagnosis for Rotating Machinery of Large Units Based on Evidence Theory and Multi-Information Fusion

Due to the complexity of the structure and process of large-scale petrochemical equipment, different fault characteristics are mixed and present multiple couplings and ambiguities, leading to the difficulty in identifying composite faults in rotating machinery. This paper proposes a composite faults diagnosis method for rotating machinery of the large unit based on evidence theory and multi-information fusion. The evidence theory and multi-information fusion method mainly deal with multisource information and conflict information, synthesize multiple uncertain information, and obtain synthetic information from multiple data sources. To detect faults in rotating machinery, the dimensionless index ranges of composite faults are first used to form a feature set as the reference. Then, a two-sample distribution test is applied to compare the known fault samples with the tested fault samples, and the maximum statistical distance is used. Finally, the multiple maximum statistical distances are fused by evidence theory and identifying fault types based on the fusion result. The proposed method was applied to the large petrochemical unit simulation experiment system, the results of which showed that our proposed method could accurately identify composite faults and provide maintenance guidance for composite fault diagnosis

The Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto

This book presents the collectively authored Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto and accompanying materials.The Internet and the media landscape are broken. The dominant commercial Internet platforms endanger democracy. They have created a communications landscape overwhelmed by surveillance, advertising, fake news, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and algorithmic politics. Commercial Internet platforms have harmed citizens, users, everyday life, and society. Democracy and digital democracy require Public Service Media. A democracy-enhancing Internet requires Public Service Media becoming Public Service Internet platforms – an Internet of the public, by the public, and for the public; an Internet that advances instead of threatens democracy and the public sphere. The Public Service Internet is based on Internet platforms operated by a variety of Public Service Media, taking the public service remit into the digital age. The Public Service Internet provides opportunities for public debate, participation, and the advancement of social cohesion. Accompanying the Manifesto are materials that informed its creation: Christian Fuchs’ report of the results of the Public Service Media/Internet Survey, the written version of Graham Murdock’s online talk on public service media today, and a summary of an ecomitee.com discussion of the Manifesto’s foundations

Sensors Fault Diagnosis Trends and Applications

Fault diagnosis has always been a concern for industry. In general, diagnosis in complex systems requires the acquisition of information from sensors and the processing and extracting of required features for the classification or identification of faults. Therefore, fault diagnosis of sensors is clearly important as faulty information from a sensor may lead to misleading conclusions about the whole system. As engineering systems grow in size and complexity, it becomes more and more important to diagnose faulty behavior before it can lead to total failure. In the light of above issues, this book is dedicated to trends and applications in modern-sensor fault diagnosis

Innovation report : a methodology for estimating gear pump wear-out reliability using pump pressure ripple and an extremely small sample size - the case study of a heavy-duty diesel engine lubrication gear pump

Design for Reliability (DfR) encourages testing products early in the New Product Development (NPD) process to identify and resolve weaknesses quickly. An organisation can then track reliability growth and intervene to ensure the changes in product robustness are in line with a timely release to market. However, for products with long life spans (such as a Heavy-Duty engine (HDE) lubrication gear pump), the evaluation of reliability with an extremely small number of prototype samples is problematic. Budget constraints, product size, and test facilities can limit the possibilities of accurately assessing the initial reliability forming a test planning paradox. The research in this thesis proposes an innovate methodology to minimise this test planning paradox, specific to a gear pump. The method uses step-stress accelerated degradation testing and Bayesian inference to estimate degradation parameters using only a sample size of two. Post-testing, numerical simulation is used to build a degradation model with larger sample sizes and produce a survival distribution at the quantile of interest. Increasing pump outlet pressure above normal usage accelerates the pump wear and pressure ripple measurements are used to monitor the performance degradation. On inspection, the pumps exhibit erosion on the housing and micro pitting of the gear flanks. The innovative use of a Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transforms (MODWT) with an Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA 2,1) extracts a feature from the pressure ripple that provides a stochastic, linear and non-monotone degradation path that is appropriately modelled using a Brownian Motion simulation model. Regression analysis provides a drift and diffusion covariate functional relationship to pump outlet pressure. Given the stress-varying environment of an HDE, Monte Carlo simulations overcome the complexity of replicating vehicle drive cycle and produces a credible reliability estimate validated against a similarly designed high mileage pump. The application of this original methodology offers the opportunity to minimise the test planning paradox and satisfies populating the reliability growth chart. It is foreseen the method can be adopted for a wide range of positive displacement pumps where is it possible to measure pressure ripple

Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace

This open access book presents established methods of structural health monitoring (SHM) and discusses their technological merit in the current aerospace environment. While the aerospace industry aims for weight reduction to improve fuel efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and to decrease maintenance time and operating costs, aircraft structures are often designed and built heavier than required in order to accommodate unpredictable failure. A way to overcome this approach is the use of SHM systems to detect the presence of defects. This book covers all major contemporary aerospace-relevant SHM methods, from the basics of each method to the various defect types that SHM is required to detect to discussion of signal processing developments alongside considerations of aerospace safety requirements. It will be of interest to professionals in industry and academic researchers alike, as well as engineering students. This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action CA18203 (ODIN - http://odin-cost.com/), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. This boosts their research, career and innovation