Hierarchical QoS routing in next generation optical networks

In this paper, we study the problem of inter-domain routing with two additive QoS constraints in hierarchical optical networks. We develop an inter-domain routing protocol that (1) identifies the QoS supported by the paths, (2) selects an inter-domain path that satisfies the QoS requirement of a connection request, and (3) reserves the wavelength on each link along the path in such a way that the number of wavelength converters needed is minimized. Both formal analyses and extensive simulation experiments show that our inter-domain routing protocol outperforms the existing protocols. © 2006 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

In vivo effects of different orthodontic loading on root resorption and correlation to mechanobiological stimulus in periodontal ligament

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from The Royal Society via the DOI in this record.The datasets and codes supporting this article can be accessed via this link: https://cloudstor.aarnet.edu.au/plus/s/erocePG0H9mlfWM.Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) is a common side effect of orthodontic therapy. It has been known that high hydrostatic pressure in the periodontal ligament (PDL) generated by orthodontic forces will trigger recruitment of odontoclasts, leaving resorption craters on root surfaces. The patterns of resorption craters are the traces of odontoclast activity. This study aimed to investigate resorptive patterns by: (1) quantifying spatial root resorption under two different levels of in-vivo orthodontic loadings using microCT imaging techniques; and (2) correlating the spatial distribution pattern of resorption craters with the induced mechanobiological stimulus field in PDL through nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) in silico. Results indicated that the heavy force led to a larger total resorption volume than the light force, mainly by presenting greater individual crater volumes (p < 0.001) than increasing crater numbers, suggesting that increased mechano-stimulus predominantly boosted cellular resorption activity rather than recruiting more odontoclasts. Furthermore, buccal-cervical and lingual-apical regions in both groups were found to have significantly larger resorption volumes than other regions (p < 0.005). These clinical observations are complimented by the FEA results, suggesting that root resorption was more likely to occur when the volume average compressive hydrostatic pressure exceeded the capillary blood pressure (4.7kPa).Australian Research Council (ARC)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG

Time-reversed adapted-perturbation (TRAP) optical focusing onto dynamic objects inside scattering media

The ability to steer and focus light inside scattering media has long been sought for a multitude of applications. At present, the only feasible strategy to form optical foci inside scattering media is to guide photons by using either implanted or virtual guide stars, which can be inconvenient and limits the potential applications. Here we report a scheme for focusing light inside scattering media by employing intrinsic dynamics as guide stars. By adaptively time-reversing the perturbed component of the scattered light, we show that it is possible to focus light to the origin of the perturbation. Using this approach, we demonstrate non-invasive dynamic light focusing onto moving targets and imaging of a time-variant object obscured by highly scattering media. Anticipated applications include imaging and photoablation of angiogenic vessels in tumours, as well as other biomedical uses

Multiagent System Applied to the Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic in Counterflow

An agent-based model to simulate a pedestrian crowd in a corridor is presented. Pedestrian crowd models are valuable tools to gain insight into the behavior of human crowds in both, everyday and crisis situations. The main contribution of this work is the definition of a pedestrian crowd model by applying ideas from the field of the kinetic theory of living systems on the one hand, and ideas from the field of computational agents on the other hand. Such combination supported a quantitative characterization of the performance of our agents, a neglected issue in agent-based models, through well-known kinetic parameters. Fundamental diagrams of flow and activity are presented for both, groups of homogeneous pedestrians, and groups of heterogeneous pedestrians in terms of their willingness to reach their goals.Agent-Based Modeling, Pedestrian Crowd, Activity Measurement

Human Factors Simulation Research at the University of Pennsylvania

Jack is a Silicon Graphics Iris 4D workstation-based system for the definition, manipulation, animation, and human factors performance analysis of simulated human figures. Built on a powerful representation for articulated figures, Jack offers the interactive user a simple, intuitive, and yet extremely capable interface into any 3-D articulated world. Jack incorporates sophisticated systems for anthropometric human figure generation, multiple limb positioning under constraints, view assessment, and strength model-based performance simulation of human figures. Geometric workplace models may be easily imported into Jack. Various body geometries may be used, from simple polyhedral volumes to contour-scanned real figures. High quality graphics of environments and clothed figures are easily obtained. Descriptions of some work in progress are also included

3D Printable Sensorized Soft Gelatin Hydrogel for Multi-Material Soft Structures

The ability to 3D print soft materials with integrated strain sensors enables significant flexibility for the design and fabrication of soft robots. Hydrogels provide an interesting alternative to traditional soft robot materials, allowing for more varied fabrication techniques. In this work, we investigate the 3D printing of a gelatin-glycerol hydrogel, where transglutaminase is used to catalyse the crosslinking of the hydrogel such that its material properties can be controlled for 3D printing. By including electron-conductive elements (aqueous carbon black) in the hydrogel we can create highly flexible and linear soft strain sensors. We present a first investigation into adapting a desktop 3D printer and optimizing its control parameters to fabricate sensorized 2D and 3D structures which can undergo >300% strain and show a response to strain which is highly linear and synchronous. To demonstrate the capabilities of this material and fabrication approach, we produce some example 2D and 3D structures and show their sensing capabilities

Transparency in Complex Computational Systems

Scientists depend on complex computational systems that are often ineliminably opaque, to the detriment of our ability to give scientific explanations and detect artifacts. Some philosophers have s..