The Use of Public Health Evidence in Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt

[This piece, written for the JAMA Internal Medicine "Viewpoints" section, discusses the impacts of House Bill 2, as documented by TxPEP research, and the use of research-based evidence in Whole Woman's Health v Hellerstedt.] The Supreme Court decision in the Whole Woman’s Health case provides a clearer judicial standard related to undue burden on women seeking abortion. The Court said laws restricting abortion cannot be considered in the abstract—or just because a legislature says they would be beneficial. Instead, courts must compare the benefit the law is likely to provide with the burden the law will impose on women. The Court’s decision shows that evidence matters, which hopefully heralds a new emphasis on data-driven policies for reproductive healthPopulation Research Cente

TermEval: an automatic metric for evaluating terminology translation in MT

Terminology translation plays a crucial role in domain-specific machine translation (MT). Preservation of domain-knowledge from source to target is arguably the most concerning factor for the customers in translation industry, especially for critical domains such as medical, transportation, military, legal and aerospace. However, evaluation of terminology translation, despite its huge importance in the translation industry, has been a less examined area in MT research. Term translation quality in MT is usually measured with domain experts, either in academia or industry. To the best of our knowledge, as of yet there is no publicly available solution to automatically evaluate terminology translation in MT. In particular, manual intervention is often needed to evaluate terminology translation in MT, which, by nature, is a time-consuming and highly expensive task. In fact, this is unimaginable in an industrial setting where customised MT systems are often needed to be updated for many reasons (e.g. availability of new training data or leading MT techniques). Hence, there is a genuine need to have a faster and less expensive solution to this problem, which could aid the end-users to instantly identify term translation problems in MT. In this study, we propose an automatic evaluation metric, TermEval, for evaluating terminology translation in MT. To the best of our knowledge, there is no gold-standard dataset available for measuring terminology translation quality in MT. In the absence of gold standard evaluation test set, we semi-automatically create a gold-standard dataset from English--Hindi judicial domain parallel corpus. We trained state-of-the-art phrase-based SMT (PB-SMT) and neural MT (NMT) models on two translation directions: English-to-Hindi and Hindi-to-English, and use TermEval to evaluate their performance on terminology translation over the created gold standard test set. In order to measure the correlation between TermEval scores and human judgments, translations of each source terms (of the gold standard test set) is validated with human evaluator. High correlation between TermEval and human judgements manifests the effectiveness of the proposed terminology translation evaluation metric. We also carry out comprehensive manual evaluation on terminology translation and present our observations

Pengawasan Pertambangan Liar Bahan Galian Batuan (Galian C) di Kabupaten Kampar

We still find many illegal mining that is happenedin Kampar regency espectial in Tapung sub-district,most of all mining in Tapung sub-district do not have business permit based on data do not have bisiness permit most in Tapung sub-district. Department of Energy and Mineral Resources together with judicial team controlling illegal mining in Kampar sub-district, the problem in this research is how to controlling olegal mining of minerals rocks (entrenchment C) in Kampar regency and the factor which influence it.Theoretical consept that reaserches use is repressive control theory according to Manullang (2008) with indicator to set of measuring instruments (standard), assessment action and take corrective action. Whereas of factors which influence it researcher uses descriptive qualitative method, then presentation and data can be described by using interview , observation and get the conclusion.The result of research can be conclude that the contloll of illegal mining in Kampar regency especially in Tapung sub-district still not running maximumly, still have limitation in standard setting, assessment and remedial action has not run maximumly, and the factors that influence the control of illegal.Keywords: Control, illegal minin

Review Generically About International Labour Organization (Ilo) To Health And Working Safety (K3)

In ILO (International Labour Organization) implement constitute guidance for states to apply K3 at its state, but default what does declared by ILO can be followed a portion and gets to be followed entire in each State. State that one can adjust order that issued by ILO as standard as, what can fasten to apply at each State. Base on this thing one makes writer interest to take title Review Generically About International Labour Organization (ILO) to health And working safety (K3). There is aim even that appointed from topic it is subject to be know ILO relevance that is applied in K3. There is method even research that is utilized in this research is empirical judicial formality, meanwhile data source of this research utilize primary data source and secondary data source. Wherever we work indeed that safety always been used or also been done. This is about how approach (approaching) that has 3 reason we need to manage safety work which is Moral reason, Legal reason and Financial reaso

From Juvenile Court to the Adult Criminal Justice System: An Examination of Judicial Waiver

This project was concerned with how extra legal factors impact juvenile court judge‟s decisions to waive juveniles to the adult criminal court. This study had both a general and a specific purpose. Generally, it sought to identify and examine the perceptions of juvenile court judges regarding judicial waiver based on previous positions held and on the state in which the juvenile judge resides. Specifically, this study sought to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of juvenile court judges and their perceptions regarding judicial waiver. Based on the research questions, ten hypotheses were developed and tested. The population for this study consisted of all juvenile court judges and referees in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Utah. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the means, frequencies, and standard deviations for the demographic information collected from the participants in this study. The data was then analyzed using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The researcher acknowledges that there are differences in the definitions for the words transfer and waiver; however, to reduce confusion, for the purposes of this study, the word waiver will be used for both

Identification, Categorisation and Forecasting of Court Decisions

Masha Medvedeva’s PhD dissertation ‘Identification, Categorisation and Forecasting of Court Decisions’ focuses on automatic prediction and analysis of judicial decisions. In her thesis she discusses her work on forecasting, categorising and analyzing outcomes of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and case law across Dutch national courts. Her dissertation demonstrates the potential of such research, but also to highlight its limitations and identify challenges of working with legal data, and attempts to establish a more standard way of conducting research in automatic prediction of judicial decisions. Medvedeva provides an analysis of the systems for predicting court decisions available today, and finds that the majority of them are unable to forecasts future decisions of the court while claiming to be able to do so. In response she provides an online platform JURI Says that has been developed during her PhD, and is available at jurisays.com. The system forecasts decisions of the ECtHR based on information available many years before the verdict is made, thus being able to predict court decisions that have not been made yet, which is a novelty in the field. In her dissertation Medvedeva argues against ‘robo-judges’ and replacing judges with algorithms, and discusses how predicting decisions and making decisions are very different processes, and how automated systems are very vulnerable to abuse

“Regulatory Daubert”: A Proposal to Enhance Judicial Review of Agency Science by Incorporating Daubert Principles into Administrative Law

In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc, the US Supreme Court empowered federal judges to reject irrelevant or unreliable scientific evidence. Daubert provides a suitable framework for reviewing the quality of agency science and the soundness of agency decisions consistent with the standards established for review of agency rulemakings under the Administrative Procedure Act