629,764 research outputs found
Beyond group-level explanations for the failure of groups to solve hidden profiles: The individual preference effect revisited
The individual preference effect supplements the predominant group-level explanations for the failure of groups to solve hidden profiles. Even in the absence of dysfunctional group-level processes, group members tend to stick to their suboptimal initial decision preferences due to preference-consistent evaluation of information. However, previous experiments demonstrating this effect retained two group-level processes, namely (a) social validation of information supporting the group members’ initial preferences and (b) presentation of the additional information in a discussion format. Therefore, it was unclear whether the individual preference effect depends on the co-occurrence of these group-level processes. Here, we report two experiments demonstrating that the individual preference effect is indeed an individual-level phenomenon. Moreover, by a comparison to real interacting groups, we can show that even when all relevant information is exchanged and when no coordination losses occur, almost half of all groups would fail to solve hidden profiles due to the individual preference effect
Directional Decision Lists
In this paper we introduce a novel family of decision lists consisting of
highly interpretable models which can be learned efficiently in a greedy
manner. The defining property is that all rules are oriented in the same
direction. Particular examples of this family are decision lists with
monotonically decreasing (or increasing) probabilities. On simulated data we
empirically confirm that the proposed model family is easier to train than
general decision lists. We exemplify the practical usability of our approach by
identifying problem symptoms in a manufacturing process.Comment: IEEE Big Data for Advanced Manufacturin
Extension of Preferences to an Ordered Set
If a decision maker prefers x to y to z, would he choose orderd set [x;z] or [y;x]? This article studies extension of preferences over individual alternatives to an ordered set which is prevalent in closed ballot elections with proportional representation and other real life problems where the decision maker is to choose from groups with an associated hierarchy inside. I introduce ve ordinal decision rules: highest-position, top-q, lexicographic order, max-best, highest-of-best rules and provide axiomatic characterization of them. I also investigate the relationship between ordinal decision rules and the expected utility rule. In particular, whether some ordinal rules induce the same (weak) ranking of ordered sets as the expected utility rule
Long term evaluation of operating theater planning policies
This paper addresses Operating Room (OR) planning policies in elective surgery. In particular, we investigate long-term policies for determining the Master Surgical Schedule (MSS) throughout the year, analyzing the tradeoff between organizational simplicity, favored by an MSS that does not change completely every week, and quality of the service offered to the patients, favored by an MSS that dynamically adapts to the current state of waiting lists, the latter objective being related to a lean approach to hospital management. Surgical cases are selected from the waiting lists according to several parameters, including surgery duration, waiting time and priority class of the operations. We apply the proposed models to the operating theater of a public, medium-size hospital in Empoli, Italy, using Integer Linear Programming formulations, and analyze the scalability of the approach on larger hospitals. The simulations point out that introducing a very limited degree of variability in MSS in terms of OR sessions assignment can largely pay off in terms of resource efficiency and due date performance
Impatience and Uncertainty: Experimental Decisions Predict Adolecents' Field Behavior
We study risk attitudes, ambiguity attitudes, and time preferences of 661 children and
adolescents, aged ten to eighteen years, in an incentivized experiment. We relate experimental
choices to field behavior. Experimental measures of impatience are found to be significant
predictors of health related field behavior and saving decisions. In particular, more impatient
children and adolescents are more likely to spend money on alcohol and cigarettes, have a higher
body mass index (BMI) and are less likely to save money. Experimental measures for risk and
ambiguity attitudes are only weak predictors of field behavior
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