A critical review of improved deep learning methods for the remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries.

As widely used for secondary energy storage, lithium-ion batteries have become the core component of the power supply system and accurate remaining useful life prediction is the key to ensure its reliability. Because of the complex working characteristics of lithium-ion batteries as well as the model parameter changing along with the aging process, the accuracy of the online remaining useful life prediction is difficult but urgent to be improved for the reliable power supply application. The deep learning algorithm improves the accuracy of the remaining useful life prediction, which also reduces the characteristic testing time requirement, providing the possibility to improve the power profitability of predictive energy management. This article analyzes, reviews, classifies, and compares different adaptive mathematical models on deep learning algorithms for the remaining useful life prediction. The features are identified for the modeling ability, according to which the adaptive prediction methods are classified. The specific criteria are defined to evaluate different modeling accuracy in the deep learning calculation procedure. The key features of effective life prediction are used to draw relevant conclusions and suggestions are provided, in which the high-accuracy deep convolutional neural network — extreme learning machine algorithm is chosen to be utilized for the stable remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries

Fault Diagnosis and Failure Prognostics of Lithium-ion Battery based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine and Memory Particle Filter Framework

123456A novel data driven approach is developed for fault diagnosis and remaining useful life (RUL) prognostics for lithium-ion batteries using Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) and Memory-Particle Filter (M-PF). Unlike traditional data-driven models for capacity fault diagnosis and failure prognosis, which require multidimensional physical characteristics, the proposed algorithm uses only two variables: Energy Efficiency (EE), and Work Temperature. The aim of this novel framework is to improve the accuracy of incipient and abrupt faults diagnosis and failure prognosis. First, the LSSVM is used to generate residual signal based on capacity fade trends of the Li-ion batteries. Second, adaptive threshold model is developed based on several factors including input, output model error, disturbance, and drift parameter. The adaptive threshold is used to tackle the shortcoming of a fixed threshold. Third, the M-PF is proposed as the new method for failure prognostic to determine Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The M-PF is based on the assumption of the availability of real-time observation and historical data, where the historical failure data can be used instead of the physical failure model within the particle filter. The feasibility of the framework is validated using Li-ion battery prognostic data obtained from the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Prognostic Center of Excellence (PCoE). The experimental results show the following: (1) fewer data dimensions for the input data are required compared to traditional empirical models; (2) the proposed diagnostic approach provides an effective way of diagnosing Li-ion battery fault; (3) the proposed prognostic approach can predict the RUL of Li-ion batteries with small error, and has high prediction accuracy; and, (4) the proposed prognostic approach shows that historical failure data can be used instead of a physical failure model in the particle filter

A critical review of online battery remaining useful lifetime prediction methods.

Lithium-ion batteries play an important role in our daily lives. The prediction of the remaining service life of lithium-ion batteries has become an important issue. This article reviews the methods for predicting the remaining service life of lithium-ion batteries from three aspects: machine learning, adaptive filtering, and random processes. The purpose of this study is to review, classify and compare different methods proposed in the literature to predict the remaining service life of lithium-ion batteries. This article first summarizes and classifies various methods for predicting the remaining service life of lithium-ion batteries that have been proposed in recent years. On this basis, by selecting specific criteria to evaluate and compare the accuracy of different models, find the most suitable method. Finally, summarize the development of various methods. According to the research in this article, the average accuracy of machine learning is 32.02% higher than the average of the other two methods, and the prediction cycle is 9.87% shorter than the average of the other two methods

Stage of Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery Packs Based on Improved Cubature Kalman Filter with Long Short-Term Memory Model

Accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion battery packs remains challenging due to inconsistencies among battery cells. To achieve precise SOC estimation of battery packs, firstly, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN)-based model is constructed to characterize the battery electrical performance, and a rolling learning method is proposed to update the model parameters for improving the model accuracy. Then, an improved square root-cubature Kalman filter (SRCKF) is designed together with the multi-innovation technique to estimate battery cell’s SOC. Next, to cope with inconsistencies among battery cells, the SOC estimation value from the maximum and minimum cells are combined with a smoothing method to estimate the pack SOC. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed battery model and cell SOC estimation method are verified by exerting the experimental validation under time-varying temperature conditions. Finally, real operation data are collected from an electric-scooter (ES) monitoring platform to further validate the generalization of the designed pack SOC estimation algorithm. The experimental results manifest that the SOC estimation error can be limited within 2% after convergence

Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium-ion Batteries using Spatio-temporal Multimodal Attention Networks

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications, including electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. The prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of batteries is crucial for ensuring reliable and efficient operation, as well as reducing maintenance costs. However, determining the life cycle of batteries in real-world scenarios is challenging, and existing methods have limitations in predicting the number of cycles iteratively. In addition, existing works often oversimplify the datasets, neglecting important features of the batteries such as temperature, internal resistance, and material type. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a two-stage remaining useful life prediction scheme for Lithium-ion batteries using a spatio-temporal multimodal attention network (ST-MAN). The proposed model is designed to iteratively predict the number of cycles required for the battery to reach the end of its useful life, based on available data. The proposed ST-MAN is to capture the complex spatio-temporal dependencies in the battery data, including the features that are often neglected in existing works. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ST-MAN model outperforms existing CNN and LSTM-based methods, achieving state-of-the-art performance in predicting the remaining useful life of Li-ion batteries. The proposed method has the potential to improve the reliability and efficiency of battery operations and is applicable in various industries, including automotive and renewable energy

Model migration neural network for predicting battery aging trajectories

Accurate prediction of batteries’ future degradation is a key solution to relief users’ anxiety on battery lifespan and electric vehicle’s driving range. Technical challenges arise from the highly nonlinear dynamics of battery aging. In this paper, a feed-forward migration neural network is proposed to predict the batteries’ aging trajectories. Specifically, a base model that describes the capacity decay over time is first established from the existed battery aging dataset. This base model is then transformed by an input-output slope-and-bias-correction (SBC) method structure to capture the degradation of target cell. To enhance the model’s nonlinear transfer capability, the SBC-model is further integrated into a four-layer neural network, and easily trained via the gradient correlation algorithm. The proposed migration neural network is experimentally verified with four different commercial batteries. The predicted RMSEs are all lower than 2.5% when using only the first 30% of aging trajectories for neural network training. In addition, illustrative results demonstrate that a small size feed-forward neural network (down to 1-5-5-1) is sufficient for battery aging trajectory prediction

Comparative Analysis of Neural Networks Techniques for Lithium-ion Battery SOH Estimation

Li-ion batteries have become the most important technology for electric mobility. One of the most pressing challenges is the development of reliable methods for battery state-of-health (SOH) diagnosis and estimation of remaining useful life. In electric mobility scenario, battery capacity degradation prediction is crucial to ensure service availability and life duration. This research work provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of neural networks for a data-driven approach suitable for SOH estimation on single cells, stressed under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, different neural networks (i.e., LSTM, GRU, 1D-CNN, CNN-LSTM) are trained and optimized on NASA Randomized Battery Usage dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that data-driven neural networks generally performed well SOH estimation on single cells. In detail, the 1D-CNN best predicts SOH and has the lowest variance in the output. The LSTM have the highest variance in estimating SOH, while GRU and CNN-LSTM tend to overestimate and underestimate the value of SOH, respectively

Data-driven battery aging diagnostics and prognostics

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries play a pivotal role in transforming the transportation sector from heavily relying on fossil fuels to a low-carbon solution. But, as an electrochemical device, a battery will inevitably undergo irreversible degradation over time. Therefore, accurate and reliable aging diagnostics and prognostics become indispensable for safe and efficient battery usage during operation. However, diverse aging mechanisms, stochastic usage patterns, and cell-to-cell variations impose significant challenges. With the ever-increasing awareness of the importance of vehicle operating data, more and more automotive companies have started to collect field data. Meanwhile, the rapid advancement in computational power has drawn tremendous attention to using machine learning algorithms to solve complex and challenging tasks. In this thesis, recent data-driven modeling techniques, using both field data collected during vehicle operation and laboratory cycling data, are applied to improve the overall performance of battery aging diagnostics and prognostics. A series of data-driven methods are proposed ranging from battery state of health estimation, future aging trajectory prediction, and remaining useful life prediction. The algorithms are extensively evaluated with various data sources of different battery kinds. The evaluation results indicate that the developed methods are accurate and robust, but more importantly, they are applicable to the harsh conditions encountered in real-world vehicle operations