Relationship between motivational regulation strategies and behavioral engagement in cooperative learning : A Relative Weight Analysis

This study examined the relationship between motivational regulation strategies and behavioral engagement in cooperative learning using a relative weight analysis. By using relative weight analysis, the relative importance of multiple predictor variables in a regression model was clarified. A self-report questionnaire was administered twice to undergraduates who participated in a lecture including cooperative learning activities at two universities. In this study, five motivational regulation strategies were measured : active interaction, task value, enhancement of the sense of duty, self-consequating, and structuring learning activities. The results of the relative weight analysis indicated that active interaction strategies and behavioral engagement (Time 1) were more effective in behavioral engagement (Time 2) than the other four motivational regulation strategies. The effects of motivational regulation strategies on behavioral engagement in cooperative learning were discussed in light of the present findings.本研究は、科学研究費助成事業（若手研究 (B)課題番号 : 16K17320）の助成を受けて行われた

Teachers’ Values as Predictors of Classroom Management Styles: A Relative Weight Analysis

Teachers potentially are important agents of socialization for their students and teachers’ values drive their goals and desirable behaviors. Teachers’ goals and behaviors are also primary influences on students’ achievement motivation and learning. This study – which referred to Schwartz’s Universal Theory of Human Values and involved 157 Italian high school teachers – focused on the relation between teachers’ personal values (i.e., the values teachers feel to be important for themselves) and socialization values (i.e., the values they would like their students to endorse) on the one hand, and their classroom management styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive styles) on the other. Results showed the importance of values in determining the teaching styles, greater in the case of authoritative and authoritarian styles than of permissive style. Implications of these results for teachers’ practices and further expansions of the study are discussed

The relative importance of organizational justice dimensions on employee outcomes: a critical reanalysis using relative weights analysis

This study examined the collected research on the four dimensions of organizational justice (i.e., distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) by reanalyzing data taken from Colquitt, Conlan, Wesson, Porter & Ng’s (2001) meta-analysis. First, this study uses Relative Weight Analysis (RWA) to assess the relative predictive utility of the four justice dimensions on a set of employee outcomes; this analytic technique is better suited to examine this research question than traditional regression-based techniques. Second, this study examines how different operationalizations of procedural justice can lead to different patterns of results. For analyses using an expansive operationalization of procedural justice, the results of Colquitt, et al. (2001) are largely supported. However, for analyses using a narrower, more appropriate operationalization of procedural justice, results instead show that distributive justice is the most important dimension for predicting explained variance in most dependent variables, including outcome satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and withdrawal. This finding runs contrary to much of the accumulated justice literature; as such, this study raises conceptual, practical, and methodological concerns

predictors of parenting stress during early adoptive parenthood

Parenting stress has a crucial influence on the parent-child relationship, the functioning of the family, and the development of children. Few studies have examined parenting stress in adoptive families during early parenthood, and fewer still have considered this issue in association with the quality of both couple and social relationships. The current study was intended to investigate predictors of parenting stress in a community sample of 56 adoptive parents from Italy, for a total of 112 participants. Our goals were to: 1) evaluate parenting stress among adoptive parents during the first post-adoption year, and 2) identify whether and to what extent parenting stress can be predicted by certain characteristics of the child (gender, age at adoption, years of institutionalisation, presence/absence of disease on arrival, emotional and behavioural difficulties), of parents' individual well-being (e.g., the presence of depressive symptoms), of relationships within the couple (sexual satisfaction, tenderness between partners, quarrelling) and with the social context (real and potential social support). In the analyses parents' gender effect and intercorrelations between the partners were taken into account. Results of multiple regression analysis and relative weight analysis highlighted the great importance of children's age at adoption and their emotional and behavioural difficulties in predicting both mothers' and fathers' stress, but also the contribution of the couple relationship quality as a protective factor that could reduce the level of parenting stress

Purpose in Life and Conscientiousness Protect Against the Development of Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans With PTSD and MDD: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.

Background:Although several studies have examined risk factors for suicidal ideation among veterans, little is known about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation in high-risk veteran samples. Thus, this study examined a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with the development of suicidal ideation in a high-risk sample of U.S. veterans who screened positive for current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods:Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort study of U.S. veterans. Veterans completed self-report measures to screen for PTSD and MDD and to assess for risk and protective factors. The sample included 222 veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline and completed at least one assessment over a seven-year follow-up period. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine baseline factors associated with incident suicidal ideation. Results:Nearly one in three (27.1%) of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD developed suicidal ideation over the seven-year follow-up period. Non-Caucasian race and lower scores on measures of purpose in life, conscientiousness, and frequency of religious service attendance were independently associated with incident suicidal ideation. Lower purpose in life (52.3%) and conscientiousness (33.2%) explained the vast majority of variance in incident suicidal ideation. Conclusion:Nearly 30% of veterans with PTSD and/or MDD who did not endorse suicidal ideation at baseline developed suicidal ideation over a seven-year period. Prevention and treatment efforts designed to bolster purpose in life and conscientiousness may help mitigate risk for suicidal ideation in this high-risk population

Remote sensing and social sensing data reveal scale-dependent and system-specific strengths of urban heat island determinants

Urban natural surfaces and non-surface human activities are key factors determining the urban heat island (UHI), but their relative importance remains highly controversial and may vary at different spatial scales and focal urban systems. However, systematic studies on the scale-dependency system-specificity remain largely lacking. Here, we selected 32 major Chinese cities as cases and used Landsat 8 images to retrieve land surface temperature (LST) and quantify natural surface variables using point of interest (POI) data as a measure of the human activity variable and using multiple regression and relative weight analysis to study the contribution and relative importance of these factors to LST at a range of grain sizes (0.25–5 km) and spatial extents (20–60 km). We revealed that the contributions and relative importance of natural surfaces and human activities are largely scale-dependent and system-specific. Natural surfaces, especially vegetation cover, are often the most important UHI determinants for a majority of scales, but the importance of non-surface human activities is increasingly pronounced at a coarser spatial scale with respect to both grain and spatial extent. The scaling relations of the UHI determinants and their relative importance were mostly linear-like at the city-collective level, but highly diverse across individual cities, so reducing non-surface heat emissions could be the most effective measure in particular cases, especially at relatively large spatial scales. This study advances the understanding of UHI formation mechanisms and highlights the complexity of the scale issue underpinning the UHI effect

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Distress : The Role of Type and Timing of Exposure

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as different forms of abuse and neglect, are linked to different psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety. It is widely known that the risk for negative health outcomes increases with the number of ACEs, but more studies are needed to examine the role of type and timing. The present study examined the connection between ACEs and adulthood depression and anxiety and sought to find out whether there is a difference in adulthood distress based on the type and the timing of exposure to ACEs. The sample (N=4966) comprised of mothers and fathers recruited for the ongoing FinnBrain Cohort Study, which this study is a part of. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires, including TADS, EPDS and SCL-90. The ACE types in this study were emotional and physical abuse and neglect, as well as sexual abuse. According to the timing of exposure, three time periods were defined: ACEs occurring prior to age 6, between ages 7 and 12 or between ages 13 and 18. The Relative Weight Analysis (RWA) was conducted to examine the predictive role of ACE type and timing of exposure. ACEs were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, and ACEs during adolescence showed to have the most significant impact. Emotional abuse played a central role in predicting paternal anxiety and depression as well as maternal anxiety. Emotional neglect had the most significant impact on maternal depression. The predictive role of other ACE types was significantly lower