Supporting L3 femtocell mobility using the MOBIKE protocol

Proceeding of ACCESS 2011, The Second International Conference on Access Networks, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, June 19-24, 2011Femtocells can be used to improve the indoor coverage and bandwidth of 3G cellular networks in homes and buildings. They are designed to be placed in a fixed location. However, their use would also be interesting in mobile environments such as public transportation systems. This paper studies the mobility limitations at the layer 3 and suggests an approach to support mobility on femtocell networks. This solution employs the protocols already defined in the femtocell architecture, minimizing thus the impact on it.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, CONSEQUENCE project (TEC2010- 20572-C02-01) and partially supported by the Madrid regional community project CCG10-UC3M/TIC-4992

Étude de mécanismes assurant la continuité de service de protocoles IKEv2 et IPsec

En 2012, le trafic mobile mondial représentait 70% de plus qu'en 2011. L'arrivée de la technologie 4G a multiplié par 19 le volume de trafic non 4G, et en 2013 le nombre de mobiles connectés à l'Internet a dépassé le nombre d'êtres humains sur la planète. Les fournisseurs d'accès Internet (FAI) subissent une forte pression, car ils ont pour obligations d'assurer à leurs clients l'accès au réseau et le maintien de la qualité de service. À court/moyen terme, les opérateurs doivent délester une partie de leur trafic sur des réseaux d'accès alternatifs afin de maintenir les mêmes caractéristiques de performances. Ainsi, pour désengorger les réseaux d'accès radio (RAN), le trafic des clients peut être préférentiellement pris en charge par d'autres réseaux d'accès disponibles. Notons cependant que les réseaux d'accès sans fil offrent des niveaux de sécurité très différents. Pour les femtocells, WiFi ou WiMAX (parmi d'autres technologies sans fil), il doit être prévu des mécanismes permettant de sécuriser les communications. Les opérateurs peuvent s'appuyer sur des protocoles (tels que IPsec) afin d'étendre un domaine de sécurité sur des réseaux non sécurisés. Cela introduit de nouveaux défis en termes de performances et de connectivité pour IPsec. Cette thèse se concentre sur l'étude des mécanismes permettant de garantir et améliorer les performances du protocole IPsec en termes de continuité de service. La continuité de service, aussi connu comme résilience, devient cruciale lorsque le trafic mobile est dévié depuis un réseau d'accès RAN vers d'autres réseaux d'accès alternatifs. C'est pourquoi nous nous concentrons d'abord dans l'ensemble de protocoles assurant une communication IP: IKEv2 et IPsec. Ensuite, nous présentons une étude détaillée des paramètres nécessaires pour maintenir une session VPN, et nous démontrons qu'il est possible de gérer dynamiquement une session VPN entre différentes passerelles de sécurité. L'une des raisons qui justifient la gestion des sessions VPN est d'offrir de la haute disponibilité, le partage de charge ou l'équilibrage de charge pour les connexions IPsec. Ces mécanismes ont pour finalité d'augmenter la continuité de service de sessions IPsec. Certains nouveaux mécanismes ont été récemment mis en oeuvre pour assurer la haute disponibilité sur IPsec. Le projet open source VPN, StrongSwan, a mis en place un mécanisme appelé ClusterIP afin de créer un cluster de passerelles IPsec. Nous avons fusionné cette solution basée sur ClusterIP avec nos propres développements afin de définir deux architectures : une architecture permettant la Haute Disponibilité et une deuxième architecture présentant la gestion dynamique d'un contexte IPsec. Nous avons défini deux environnements : le Mono-LAN où un cluster de noeuds est configuré sous une même adresse IP unique, et le Multi-LAN où chaque passerelle de sécurité dispose d'une adresse IP différente. Les mesures de performance tout au long de la thèse montrent que le transfert d'une session VPN entre différentes passerelles évite les délais supplémentaires liés à la ré-authentification et réduit la consommation CPU, ainsi que les calculs par le matériel cryptographique. D'un point de vue FAI, le transfert de contexte IPsec/IKEv2 pourrait être utilisé pour éviter la surcharge des passerelles, et permettre la redistribution de la charge, de meilleures performances du réseau ainsi que l'amélioration de la qualité de service. L'idée est de permettre à un utilisateur de profiter de la continuité d'un service tout en conservant le même niveau de sécurité que celui initialement proposéDuring 2012, the global mobile traffic represented 70\% more than 2011. The arrival of the 4G technology introduced 19 times more traffic than non-4G sessions, and in 2013 the number of mobile-connected to the Internet exceeded the number of human beings on earth. This scenario introduces great pressure towards the Internet service providers (ISPs), which are called to ensure access to the network and maintain its QoS. At short/middle term, operators will relay on alternative access networks in order to maintain the same performance characteristics. Thus, the traffic of the clients might be offloaded from RANs to some other available access networks. However, the same security level is not ensured by those wireless access networks. Femtocells, WiFi or WiMAX (among other wireless technologies), must rely on some mechanism to secure the communications and avoid untrusted environments. Operators are mainly using IPsec to extend a security domain over untrusted networks. This introduces new challenges in terms of performance and connectivity for IPsec. This thesis concentrates on the study of the mechanism considering improving the IPsec protocol in terms of continuity of service. The continuity of service, also known as resilience, becomes crucial when offloading the traffic from RANs to other access networks. This is why we first concentrate our effort in defining the protocols ensuring an IP communication: IKEv2 and IPsec. Then, we present a detailed study of the parameters needed to keep a VPN session alive, and we demonstrate that it is possible to dynamically manage a VPN session between different gateways. Some of the reasons that justify the management of VPN sessions is to provide high availability, load sharing or load balancing features for IPsec connections. These mechanisms increase the continuity of service of IPsec-based communication. For example, if for some reason a failure occurs to a security gateway, the ISP should be able to overcome this situation and to provide mechanisms to ensure continuity of service to its clients. Some new mechanisms have recently been implemented to provide High Availability over IPsec. The open source VPN project, StrongSwan, implemented a mechanism called ClusterIP in order to create a cluster of IPsec gateways. We merged ClusterIP with our own developments in order to define two architectures: High Availability and Context Management over Mono-LAN and Multi-LAN environments. We called Mono-LAN those architectures where the cluster of security gateways is configured under a single IP address, whereas Multi-LAN concerns those architectures where different security gateways are configured with different IP addresses. Performance measurements throughout the thesis show that transferring a VPN session between different gateways avoids re-authentication delays and reduce the amount of CPU consumption and calculation of cryptographic material. From an ISP point of view, this could be used to avoid overloaded gateways, redistribution of the load, better network performances, improvements of the QoS, etc. The idea is to allow a peer to enjoy the continuity of a service while maintaining the same security level that it was initially proposedEVRY-INT (912282302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Abstract This document considers a VPN end user establishing an IPsec Security Association (SA) with a Security Gateway using the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2), where at least one of the peers has multiple interfaces or where Security Gateway is a cluster with each node having its own IP address

Supporting l3 femtocell mobility using the mobike protocol

Abstract-Femtocells can be used to improve the indoor coverage and bandwidth of 3G cellular networks in homes and buildings. They are designed to be placed in a fixed location. However, their use would also be interesting in mobile environments such as public transportation systems. This paper studies the mobility limitations at the layer 3 and suggests an approach to support mobility on femtocell networks. This solution employs the protocols already defined in the femtocell architecture, minimizing thus the impact on it

Moving Target Defense for Securing SCADA Communications

In this paper, we introduce a framework for building a secure and private peer to peer communication used in supervisory control and data acquisition networks with a novel Mobile IPv6-based moving target defense strategy. Our approach aids in combating remote cyber-attacks against peer hosts by thwarting any potential attacks at their reconnaissance stage. The IP address of each host is randomly changed at a certain interval creating a moving target to make it difficult for an attacker to find the host. At the same time, the peer host is updated through the use of the binding update procedure (standard Mobile IPv6 protocol). Compared with existing results that can incur significant packet-loss during address rotations, the proposed solution is loss-less. Improving privacy and anonymity for communicating hosts by removing permanent IP addresses from all packets is also one of the major contributions of this paper. Another contribution is preventing black hole attacks and bandwidth depletion DDoS attacks through the use of extra paths between the peer hosts. Recovering the communication after rebooting a host is also a new contribution of this paper. Lab-based simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method in action, including its overheads. The testbed experiments show zero packet-loss rate during handoff delay

Defending Servers Against Naptha Attack By Using An Early Client Authentication Method [TK5105.585. C518 2008 f rb].

Serangan Naptha bertujuan mengganggu layanan TCP yang ditawarkan oleh sesuatu pelayan dengan menjanakan banyak sambungan palsu terhadap pelayan tersebut. Naptha attack aims to disrupt TCP service a server provides by generating large amount of forged connections to the server

Security for the signaling plane of the SIP protocol

VOIP protocols are gaining greater acceptance amongst both users and service providers. This thesis will aim to examine aspects related to the security of signaling plane of the SIP protocol, one of the most widely used VOIP protocols. Firstly, I will analyze the critical issues related to SIP, then move on to discuss both current and possible future solutions, and finally an assessment of the impact on the performance of HTTP digest authentication, IPsec and TLS, the three main methods use

Utilisation d'identifiants cryptographiques pour la sécurisation IPv6

IPv6, protocole succédant à IPv4, est en cours de déploiement dans l Internet. Il repose fortement sur le mécanisme Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP). Celui-ci permet non seulement à deux nœuds IPv6 de pouvoir communiquer, à l instar du mécanisme Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) en IPv4, mais il apporte aussi de nouvelles fonctionnalités, telles que l autoconfiguration d adresse IPv6. Aussi, sa sécurisation pour le bon fonctionnement de l Internet en IPv6 est critique. Son mécanisme de sécurité standardisée à l Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) se nomme Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND). Il s appuie à la fois sur l utilisation d identifiants cryptographiques, adresses IPv6 appelées Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) et qui sont générées à partir d une paire de clés publique/privée, et de certificats électroniques X.509. L objet de cette thèse est l étude de ces identifiants cryptographiques, les adresses CGA, ainsi que le mécanisme SEND les employant, et leurs réutilisations potentielles pour la sécurisation IPv6. Dans une première partie de cette thèse, tout d abord, nous posons l état de l art. Dans une deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la fiabilité du principal mécanisme connu employant les adresses CGA, le mécanisme SEND. Dans une troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, nous présentons des utilisations des identifiants cryptographiques pour la sécurisation IPv6IPv6, next Internet protocol after IPv4, is under deployment in the Internet. It is strongly based on the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) mechanism. First, it allows two IPv6 nodes to communicate, like the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) mechanism in IPv4, but it brings new functions too, as IPv6 address autoconfiguration. So, the security of this mechanism is critical for an Internet based on IPv6. The security mechanism standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND). It is based on the use of cryptographical identifiers, IPv6 addresses named Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) and generated from a public/private keys pair, and X.509 certificates. The goal of this PhD thesis is the study of such cryptographical identifiers, CGA addresses, as well as SEND using them, and their potential re-use to secure IPv6. In a first part of this thesis, we recall the main features of the IPv6 protocol. In a second part of this thesis, we are interested in the reliability of the main known mechanism using the CGA addresses, SEND. In a third and last part of this thesis, we present different uses of cryptographical identifiers to secure IPv6EVRY-INT (912282302) / SudocSudocFranceF

A framework for supporting network continuity in vehicular IPv6 communications

The appearance of recent standards about cooperative ITS architectures towards a reference communication stack has been an inflection point in the research about vehicular networks. The ISO Communication Access for Land Mobiles (CALM) and the ETSI European ITS communication architecture have paved the way towards real and interoperable vehicular cooperative systems. Within these convergent proposals, IPv6 communications are recognized as a key component to enable traffic efficiency and infotainment applications. The proper operation of these applications and the achievement of value-added ITS services require an uninterrupted network connectivity. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a novel communication stack to support the provision of continuous and secure IPv6 vehicular communications. The solution follows the ISO/ETSI guidelines for the development of cooperative ITS systems and is based on standardized technologies such as Network Mobility (NEMO) protocol to provide an integral management of IPv6mobility. The solution integrates IEEE 802.21 media independent handover services for optimizing the handover process. While the support to the handover optimization offered by the proposed ITS communication stack is demonstrated through a mobility use case, a real testbed supporting most of the communications features is developed to validate and assess the real performance of the stack design.This work has been sponsored by the European Seventh Framework Program, through the ITSSv6 (contract 270519) and FOTsis (contract 270447) projects; the Ministry of Science and Innovation, through the Walkie-Talkie project (TIN2011-27543-C03); and the Seneca Foundation, by means of the GERM program (04552/GERM/06)