1967-1968 Bulletin

Volume LXXVIII, Number 3 Scanned from the copy held in Albert Emmanuel Hall.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/bulletin_grad/1044/thumbnail.jp

A high-performance boundary element method and its applications in engineering

As a semi-numerical and semi-analytical method, owing to the inherent advantage, of boundary-only discretisation, the boundary element method (BEM) has been widely applied to problems with complicated geometries, stress concentration problems, infinite domain problems, and many others. However, domain integrals and non-symmetrical and dense matrix systems are two obstacles for BEM which have hindered the its further development and application. This thesis is aimed at proposing a high-performance BEM to tackle the above two drawbacks and broaden the application scope of BEM. In this thesis, a detailed introduction to the traditional BEM is given and several popular algorithms are introduced or proposed to enhance the performance of BEM. Numerical examples in heat conduction analysis, thermoelastic analysis and thermoelastic fracture problems are performed to assess the efficiency and correction of the algorithms. In addition, necessary theoretical derivations are embraced for establishing novel boundary integral equations (BIEs) for specific engineering problems. The following three parts are the main content of this thesis. (1) The first part (Part II consisting of two chapters) is aimed at heat conduction analysis by BEM. The coefficient matrix of equations formed by BEM in solving problems is fully-populated which occupy large computer memory. To deal with that, the fast multipole method (FMM) is introduced to energize the line integration boundary element method (LIBEM) to performs better in efficiency. In addition, to compute domain integrals with known or unknown integrand functions which are caused by heat sources or heterogeneity, a novel BEM, the adaptive orthogonal interpolation moving least squares (AOIMLS) method enhanced LIBEM, which also inherits the advantage of boundary-only discretisation, is proposed. Unlike LIBEM, which is an accurate and stable method for computing domain integrals, but only works when the mathematical expression of integral function in domain integrals is known, the AOIMLS enhanced LIBEM can compute domain integrals with known or unknown integral functions, which ensures all the nonlinear and nonhomogeneous problems can be solved without domain discretisation. In addition, the AOIMLS can adaptively avoid singular or ill-conditioned moment matrices, thus ensuring the stability of the calculation results. (2) In the second part (Part III consisting of four chapters), the thermoelastic problems and fracture problems are the main objectives. Due to considering thermal loads, domain integrals appear in the BIEs of the thermoelastic problems, and the expression of integrand functions is known or not depending on the temperature distribution given or not, the AOIMLS enhanced LIBEM is introduced to conduct thermoelasticity analysis thereby. Besides, a series of novel unified boundary integral equations based on BEM and DDM are derived for solving fracture problems and thermoelastic fracture problems in finite and infinite domains. Two sets of unified BIEs are derived for fracture problems in finite and infinite domains based on the direct BEM and DDM respectively, which can provide accurate and stable results. Another two sets of BIEs are addressed by employing indirect BEM and DDM, which cannot ensure a stable result, thereby a modified indirect BEM is proposed which performs much more stable. Moreover, a set of novel BIEs based on the direct BEM and DDM for cracked domains under thermal stress is proposed. (3) In the third part (Part IV consisting of one chapter), a high-efficiency combined BEM and discrete element method (DEM) is proposed to compute the inner stress distribution and particle breakage of particle assemblies based on the solution mapping scheme. For the stress field computation of particles with similar geometry, a template particle is used as the representative particle, so that only the related coefficient matrices of one template particle in the local coordinate system are needed to be calculated, while the coefficient matrices of the other particles, can be obtained by mapping between the local and global coordinate systems. Thus, the combined BEM and DEM is much more effective when modelling a large-scale particle system with a small number of distinct possible particle shapes. Furthermore, with the help of the Hoek-Brown criterion, the possible cracks or breakage paths of a particle can be obtained

The structure and reactivity of heterogenous surfaces and study of the geometry of surface complexes

Issued as Progress report, and Statement of costs report, Project no. G-41-674 (continued by G-41-687 and continues G-41-664

Quantitative analysis of defects in composite material by means of optical lockin thermography

In the aerospace industry, carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials are becoming increasingly popular. Due to mechanical fracture and hence safety related issues, CFRP components must be inspected for defects with non-destructive methods. This thesis focuses on non-destructive testing of CFRP materials with optical lockin thermography. The field of quantitative analysis of thermographic measurements is enhanced. The data of geometrical parameters e.g. depth, size and shape of defects in structures of globally homogeneous and anisotropic CFRP materials is required for fracture mechanics. To evaluate defects in a quantitative way, image processing algorithms are applied to thermographic phase images in order to get panoramic views of extended aircraft parts and to compare measurements before and after a fatigue load in order to determine potential defect growth. Images of lockin and ultrasound excited thermography are combined with data-fusion techniques to get improved information on defects such as impacts. The image formation process can be modeled through a point-spread function, which depends on the depth of the defect and the modulation frequency. A function is computed by using Green\u27s functions and is adapted to anisotropic materials. The quantities depth, size and shape of a defect are determined through inverse numerical filters. Measurements are compared to numerical simulations and a reconstruction algorithm of planar subsurface defects is validated.In der Luft- und Raumfahrt werden verstärkt kohlefaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (CFK) eingesetzt, die mit Methoden der zerstörungsfreien Prüftechnik auf Defekte hin überprüft werden müssen. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit optischer Lockin Thermographie als zerstörungsfreie Prüftechnik für CFK Werkstoffe. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wurde die quantitative Analyse von Defekten in global homogenem und anisotropem CFK Material erweitert. Im Rahmen der quantitativen Bestimmung von Defekten werden Bildverarbeitungsalgorithmen auf thermische Bilder angewandt, um Panorama-Bilder von großen, langen Bauteilen zu erzeugen. Messungen vor- und nach einer Belastung werden verglichen, um ein potentielles Defektwachstum zu bestimmen. Thermische Bilder der Lockin und der Ultraschall angeregten Thermographie werden im Sinne von "Data-Fusion" überlagert, um bessere quantitative Informationen über Defekte wie Impaktschäden zu erzielen. Die thermischen Bilder werden durch eine Punktbildfunktion, die von der Tiefe des Defektes und der Modulationsfrequenz abhängt, modelliert. Die Funktion wird mit Hilfe Green\u27scher Funktionen aufgestellt und an anisotropem Material adaptiert. Die Parameter Tiefenlage, Größe und Form eines Defektes werden über die Lösung eines inversen Problem mit numerischen Filter bestimmt. Die Messungen werden mit numerischen Simulationen verglichen. Ein Algorithmus zur Rekonstruktion flacher Defekte wird validiert

Graduate Division Programs for the Academic Year 1976-77 New Jersey Institute of Technology

https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/coursecatalogs/1018/thumbnail.jp

Modeling EMI Resulting from a Signal Via Transition Through Power/Ground Layers

Signal transitioning through layers on vias are very common in multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design. For a signal via transitioning through the internal power and ground planes, the return current must switch from one reference plane to another reference plane. The discontinuity of the return current at the via excites the power and ground planes, and results in noise on the power bus that can lead to signal integrity, as well as EMI problems. Numerical methods, such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), Moment of Methods (MoM), and partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, were employed herein to study this problem. The modeled results are supported by measurements. In addition, a common EMI mitigation approach of adding a decoupling capacitor was investigated with the FDTD method

Newark College of Engineering Graduate Programs 1973-74 Academic Year

https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/coursecatalogs/1022/thumbnail.jp

Field theoretic formulation and empirical tracking of spatial processes

Spatial processes are attacked on two fronts. On the one hand, tools from theoretical and statistical physics can be used to understand behaviour in complex, spatially-extended multi-body systems. On the other hand, computer vision and statistical analysis can be used to study 4D microscopy data to observe and understand real spatial processes in vivo. On the rst of these fronts, analytical models are developed for abstract processes, which can be simulated on graphs and lattices before considering real-world applications in elds such as biology, epidemiology or ecology. In the eld theoretic formulation of spatial processes, techniques originating in quantum eld theory such as canonical quantisation and the renormalization group are applied to reaction-di usion processes by analogy. These techniques are combined in the study of critical phenomena or critical dynamics. At this level, one is often interested in the scaling behaviour; how the correlation functions scale for di erent dimensions in geometric space. This can lead to a better understanding of how macroscopic patterns relate to microscopic interactions. In this vein, the trace of a branching random walk on various graphs is studied. In the thesis, a distinctly abstract approach is emphasised in order to support an algorithmic approach to parts of the formalism. A model of self-organised criticality, the Abelian sandpile model, is also considered. By exploiting a bijection between recurrent con gurations and spanning trees, an e cient Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to simulate sandpile processes on large lattices. On the second front, two case studies are considered; migratory patterns of leukaemia cells and mitotic events in Arabidopsis roots. In the rst case, tools from statistical physics are used to study the spatial dynamics of di erent leukaemia cell lineages before and after a treatment. One key result is that we can discriminate between migratory patterns in response to treatment, classifying cell motility in terms of sup/super/di usive regimes. For the second case study, a novel algorithm is developed to processes a 4D light-sheet microscopy dataset. The combination of transient uorescent markers and a poorly localised specimen in the eld of view leads to a challenging tracking problem. A fuzzy registration-tracking algorithm is developed to track mitotic events so as to understand their spatiotemporal dynamics under normal conditions and after tissue damage.Open Acces