6,923 research outputs found
Foreword: The Political Geography of Race Data in the Criminal Justice System
Several months ago, there was a heated discussion on CrimProf, the listserv for criminal law professors, about the disproportionate representation of minorities in the criminal justice system. Few participants in this online discussion contested the reality that racial and ethnic minorities, especially African Americans, make up a far larger percentage of those arrested and incarcerated than should be expected from their percentage of the country\u27s total population
Semantic distillation: a method for clustering objects by their contextual specificity
Techniques for data-mining, latent semantic analysis, contextual search of
databases, etc. have long ago been developed by computer scientists working on
information retrieval (IR). Experimental scientists, from all disciplines,
having to analyse large collections of raw experimental data (astronomical,
physical, biological, etc.) have developed powerful methods for their
statistical analysis and for clustering, categorising, and classifying objects.
Finally, physicists have developed a theory of quantum measurement, unifying
the logical, algebraic, and probabilistic aspects of queries into a single
formalism. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first to show that when
formulated at an abstract level, problems from IR, from statistical data
analysis, and from physical measurement theories are very similar and hence can
profitably be cross-fertilised, and, secondly, to propose a novel method of
fuzzy hierarchical clustering, termed \textit{semantic distillation} --
strongly inspired from the theory of quantum measurement --, we developed to
analyse raw data coming from various types of experiments on DNA arrays. We
illustrate the method by analysing DNA arrays experiments and clustering the
genes of the array according to their specificity.Comment: Accepted for publication in Studies in Computational Intelligence,
Springer-Verla
Toll Based Measures for Dynamical Graphs
Biological networks are one of the most studied object in computational
biology. Several methods have been developed for studying qualitative
properties of biological networks. Last decade had seen the improvement of
molecular techniques that make quantitative analyses reachable. One of the
major biological modelling goals is therefore to deal with the quantitative
aspect of biological graphs. We propose a probabilistic model that suits with
this quantitative aspects. Our model combines graph with several dynamical
sources. It emphazises various asymptotic statistical properties that might be
useful for giving biological insightsComment: 11 page
Artificial intelligence: opportunities and implications for the future of decision making
Artificial intelligence has arrived. In the online world it is already a part of everyday life, sitting invisibly behind a wide range of search engines and online commerce sites. It offers huge potential to enable more efficient and effective business and government but the use of artificial intelligence brings with it important questions about governance, accountability and ethics. Realising the full potential of artificial intelligence and avoiding possible adverse consequences requires societies to find satisfactory answers to these questions. This report sets out some possible approaches, and describes some of the ways government is already engaging with these issues
On the gap between deterministic and probabilistic joint spectral radii for discrete-time linear systems
Given a discrete-time linear switched system associated
with a finite set of matrices, we consider the measures of its
asymptotic behavior given by, on the one hand, its deterministic joint spectral
radius and, on the other hand, its probabilistic
joint spectral radii for Markov random
switching signals with transition matrix and a corresponding invariant
probability . Note that is larger than or
equal to for every pair . In
this paper, we investigate the cases of equality of with either a single or with the
supremum of over and we aim at
characterizing the sets for which such equalities may occur
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