Evaluating real-time forecasts in real-time

The accuracy of real-time forecasts of macroeconomicvariables that are subject to revisions may crucially depend on thechoice of data used to compare the forecasts against. We put forwarda flexible time-varying parameter regression framework to obtainearly estimates of the final value of macroeconomic variables basedupon the initial data release that may be used as actuals in currentforecast evaluation. We allow for structural changes in theregression parameters to accommodate benchmark revisions anddefinitional changes, which fundamentally change the statisticalproperties of the variable of interest, including the relationshipbetween the final value and the initial release. The usefulness ofour approach is demonstrated through an empirical applicationcomparing the accuracy of forecasts of US GDP growth rates from theSurvey of Professional Forecasters and the Greenbook.forecast evaluation;Bayesian estimation;structural breaks;data revision;parameter uncertainty

Real time reflectometer

A real time reflectometer with the particular utility of measuring fairly rapid (transient) changes in the specular reflectance of a sample which is continuously exposed to a perturbing environment is described. A fixed radiation source, a fixed detector, a uniformly rotating sample wheel, and a uniformly rotating optical wheel protect against misalignment problems. The reflectometer operates by comparing the measurings of a reflected signal with that of a reference signal made within fractions of a second of one another. Reflectance is measured in the infrared, visible, and vacuum ultraviolet regions

Real-time Cosmology

In recent years the possibility of measuring the temporal change of radial and transverse position of sources in the sky in real time have become conceivable thanks to the thoroughly improved technique applied to new astrometric and spectroscopic experiments, leading to the research domain we call Real-time cosmology. We review for the first time great part of the work done in this field, analysing both the theoretical framework and some endeavor to foresee the observational strategies and their capability to constrain models. We firstly focus on real time measurements of the overall redshift drift and angular separation shift in distant source, able to trace background cosmic expansion and large scale anisotropy, respectively. We then examine the possibility of employing the same kind of observations to probe peculiar and proper acceleration in clustered systems and therefore the gravitational potential. The last two sections are devoted to the short time future change of the cosmic microwave background, as well as to the temporal shift of the temperature anisotropy power spectrum and maps. We conclude revisiting in this context the effort made to forecast the power of upcoming experiments like CODEX, GAIA and PLANCK in providing these new observational tools.Comment: 44 pages, 23 figures. References added; revised text, tables and plots. Accepted for publication in Physics Report

Real-time phase correlation based integrated system for seizure detection

This paper reports a low area, low power, integer-based digital processor for the calculation of phase synchronization between two neural signals. The processor calculates the phase-frequency content of a signal by identifying the specific time periods associated with two consecutive minima. The simplicity of this phase-frequency content identifier allows for the digital processor to utilize only basic digital blocks, such as registers, counters, adders and subtractors, without incorporating any complex multiplication and or division algorithms. In fact, the processor, fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process, only occupies an area of 0.0625μm2 and consumes 12.5nW from a 1.2V supply voltage when operated at 128kHz. These low-area, low-power features make the proposed processor a valuable computing element in closed loop neural prosthesis for the treatment of neural diseases, such as epilepsy, or for extracting functional connectivity maps between different recording sites in the brain.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016- 80923-

Real-time video correlator

Device provides two-dimensional correlation of video data. Operation is reliable, accurate, and predictable

Real-time motor rotation frequency detection with event-based visual and spike-based auditory AER sensory integration for FPGA

Multisensory integration is commonly used in various robotic areas to collect more environmental information using different and complementary types of sensors. Neuromorphic engineers mimics biological systems behavior to improve systems performance in solving engineering problems with low power consumption. This work presents a neuromorphic sensory integration scenario for measuring the rotation frequency of a motor using an AER DVS128 retina chip (Dynamic Vision Sensor) and a stereo auditory system on a FPGA completely event-based. Both of them transmit information with Address-Event-Representation (AER). This integration system uses a new AER monitor hardware interface, based on a Spartan-6 FPGA that allows two operational modes: real-time (up to 5 Mevps through USB2.0) and data logger mode (up to 20Mevps for 33.5Mev stored in onboard DDR RAM). The sensory integration allows reducing prediction error of the rotation speed of the motor since audio processing offers a concrete range of rpm, while DVS can be much more accurate.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-02/0

Teaching in Real Time

It’s Thursday afternoon in a Day Hall economics class and the air is swimming with calculus – lambdas, constants, derivatives. Students banter the terms around as they work through problems by hand, making sure they understand the theory before moving to the lab where computers will generate supply and demand curves