A practical exploration of the convergence of case-based reasoning and explainable artificial intelligence.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly complex, ensuring their decisions are transparent and understandable to users has become paramount. This paper explores the integration of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) with Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) through a real-world example, which presents an innovative CBR-driven XAI platform. This study investigates how CBR, a method that solves new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems, can be harnessed to enhance the explainability of AI systems. Though the literature has few works on the synergy between CBR and XAI, exploring the principles for developing a CBR-driven XAI platform is necessary. This exploration outlines the key features and functionalities, examines the alignment of CBR principles with XAI goals to make AI reasoning more transparent to users, and discusses methodological strategies for integrating CBR into XAI frameworks. Through a case study of our CBR-driven XAI platform, iSee: Intelligent Sharing of Explanation Experience, we demonstrate the practical application of these principles, highlighting the enhancement of system transparency and user trust. The platform elucidates the decision-making processes of AI models and adapts to provide explanations tailored to diverse user needs. Our findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in AI research and the significant role CBR can play in advancing the goals of XAI

The sources and characteristics of electronic evidence and artificial intelligence

In this updated edition of the well-established practitioner text, Stephen Mason and Daniel Seng have brought together a team of experts in the field to provide an exhaustive treatment of electronic evidence and electronic signatures. This fifth edition continues to follow the tradition in English evidence text books by basing the text on the law of England and Wales, with appropriate citations of relevant case law and legislation from other jurisdictions

Linguistic Characteristics of Censorable Language on SinaWeibo

This paper investigates censorship from a linguistic perspective. We collect a corpus of censored and uncensored posts on a number of topics, build a classifier that predicts censorship decisions independent of discussion topics. Our investigation reveals that the strongest linguistic indicator of censored content of our corpus is its readability

Service Quality Assessment for Cloud-based Distributed Data Services

The issue of less-than-100% reliability and trust-worthiness of third-party controlled cloud components (e.g., IaaS and SaaS components from different vendors) may lead to laxity in the QoS guarantees offered by a service-support system S to various applications. An example of S is a replicated data service to handle customer queries with fault-tolerance and performance goals. QoS laxity (i.e., SLA violations) may be inadvertent: say, due to the inability of system designers to model the impact of sub-system behaviors onto a deliverable QoS. Sometimes, QoS laxity may even be intentional: say, to reap revenue-oriented benefits by cheating on resource allocations and/or excessive statistical-sharing of system resources (e.g., VM cycles, number of servers). Our goal is to assess how well the internal mechanisms of S are geared to offer a required level of service to the applications. We use computational models of S to determine the optimal feasible resource schedules and verify how close is the actual system behavior to a model-computed \u27gold-standard\u27. Our QoS assessment methods allow comparing different service vendors (possibly with different business policies) in terms of canonical properties: such as elasticity, linearity, isolation, and fairness (analogical to a comparative rating of restaurants). Case studies of cloud-based distributed applications are described to illustrate our QoS assessment methods. Specific systems studied in the thesis are: i) replicated data services where the servers may be hosted on multiple data-centers for fault-tolerance and performance reasons; and ii) content delivery networks to geographically distributed clients where the content data caches may reside on different data-centers. The methods studied in the thesis are useful in various contexts of QoS management and self-configurations in large-scale cloud-based distributed systems that are inherently complex due to size, diversity, and environment dynamicity

Pattern Process: An Exploration of Non-Architectonic Seams

The re-purposing of a two-hundred year-old river-side factory site involves a complex set of extant, historical, and hypothetical considerations, and requires a system of strategies and tactics beyond the conventional scope of historic preservation or formal architectural analysis. The discovery of cultural patterns, both physical and social, becomes the alibi for an even broader exploration of design methodology. By reviving the etymology of "pattern" as the co-joining of autonomous pieces to create form and volume, a conceptual study of pattern and seams seeks to develop an implicit methodology that first reveals non-architectonic structural relationships, then engages these structures as determinants in the re-design of the existing built environment. The proposed framework is tested against an architectural agenda that seams historic patterns of human activity and site conditions with speculative patterns of event, process, and technology for the creation of a place expressing contemporary ideology among the continuity of living history

Educational e-Leadership: A Review of Literature

Studies have shown that e-learning seems to be a more established scholarly field in educational studies, both theoretically and practically, while the interface of educational leadership and technology remains relatively unexplored by comparison. This literature review aims to find out to what extent educational e-leadership has created a valid theoretical framework for the field and aims to synthesize previous research into a conceptual framework for educational e-leadership, based on the advances in both the field of education and e-leadership. Upon study, it became apparent that there remain various similar terminologies around e-leadership, which has caused a lack of unity among scholars—hindering development in the field of study. Five important topics were chosen to discuss including philosophy and pedagogy, competencies or growth of an educational e-leader, and models of quality management and trust

Machine Learning Research Trends in Africa: A 30 Years Overview with Bibliometric Analysis Review

In this paper, a critical bibliometric analysis study is conducted, coupled with an extensive literature survey on recent developments and associated applications in machine learning research with a perspective on Africa. The presented bibliometric analysis study consists of 2761 machine learning-related documents, of which 98% were articles with at least 482 citations published in 903 journals during the past 30 years. Furthermore, the collated documents were retrieved from the Science Citation Index EXPANDED, comprising research publications from 54 African countries between 1993 and 2021. The bibliometric study shows the visualization of the current landscape and future trends in machine learning research and its application to facilitate future collaborative research and knowledge exchange among authors from different research institutions scattered across the African continent

The internet of ontological things: On symmetries between ubiquitous problems and their computational solutions in the age of smart objects

This dissertation is about an abstract form of computer network that has recently earned a new physical incarnation called “the Internet of Things.” It surveys the ontological transformations that have occurred over recent decades to the computational components of this network, objects—initially designed as abstract algorithmic agents in a source code of computer programming but now transplanted into real-world objects. Embodying the ideal of modularity, objects have provided computer programmers with more intuitive means to construct a software application with lots of simple and reusable functional building blocks. Their capability of being reassembled into many different networks for a variety of applications has also embodied another ideal of computing machines, namely general-purposiveness. In the algorithmic cultures of the past century, these objects existed as mere abstractions to help humans to understand electromagnetic signals that had infiltrated every corner of automatized spaces from private to public. As an instrumental means to domesticate these elusive signals into programmable architectures according to the goals imposed by professional programmers and amateur end-users, objects promised a universal language for any computable human activities. This utopian vision for the object-oriented domestication of the digital has had enough traction for the growth of the software industry as it has provided an alibi to hide another process of colonization occurring on the flipside of their interfacing between humans and machines: making programmable the highest number of online and offline human activities possible. A more recent media age, which this dissertation calls the age of the Internet of Things, refers to the second phase of this colonization of human cultures by the algorithmic objects, no longer trapped in the hard-wired circuit boards of personal computer, but now residing in real-life objects with new wireless communicability. Chapters of this dissertation examine each different computer application—a navigation system in a smart car, smart home, open-world video games, and neuro-prosthetics—as each particular case of this object-oriented redefinition of human cultures

ImMApp: An immersive database of sound art

The ImMApp (Immersive Mapping Application) thesis addresses contemporary and historical sound art from a position informed by, on one hand, post-structural critical theory, and on the other, a practice-based exploration of contemporary digital technologies (MySQL, XML, XSLT, X3D). It proposes a critical ontological schema derived from Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Knowledge (1972) and applies this to pre-existing information resources dealing with sound art. Firstly an analysis of print-based discourses (Sound by Artists. Lander and Lexier (1990), Noise, Water, Meat. Kahn (2001) and Background Noise: Perspectives on Sound Art. LaBelle (2006» is carried out according to Foucauldian notions of genealogy, subject positions, the statement, institutional affordances and the productive nature of discursive formation. The discursive field (the archive) presented by these major canonical texts is then contrasted with a formulation derived from Giles Deleuze and Felix Guattari: that of a 'minor' history of sound art practices. This is then extended by media theory (McLuhan, Kittler, Manovich) into a critique of two digital sound art resources (The Australian Sound Design Project (Bandt and Paine (2005) and soundtoys.net Stanza (1998). The divergences between the two forms of information technologies (print vs. digital) are discussed. The means by which such digitised methodologies may enhance Foucauldian discourse analysis points onwards towards the two practice-based elements of the thesis. Surface, the first iterative part, is a web-browser based database built on an Apache/MySQIlXML architecture. It is the most extensive mapping of sound art undertaken to date and extends the theoretical framework discussed above into the digital domain. Immersion, the second part, is a re-presentation of this material in an immersive digital environment, following the transformation of the source material via XSL-T into X3D. Immersion is a real-time, large format video, surround sound (5.ln.l) installation and the thesis concludes with a discussion of how this outcome has articulated Foucauldian archaeological method and unframed pre-existing notions of the nature of sound art