Research on agricultural supply chain finance supporting sustainable poverty reduction under the background of digital technology

From the perspective of financial services, management services and coordination services, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of agricultural supply chain finance (ASCF) to help sustainable poverty reduction (SPR). The internal and external driving forces of ASCF for SPR are also explored. Among them, the internal driving forces include industrial upgrading and financial transformation; External driving forces include technological change, policy guidance and market drive. Based on the background of digital technology, the green agricultural supply chain finance (GASCF) model has been innovatively proposed. We mainly analyze the core elements and platform structure of GASCF, and focus on the process design and key points of the three modules of the GASCF platform: risk control port, credit port and capital port. Finally, we analyze the practical difficulties of green agricultural supply chain finance in helping sustainable poverty reduction, such as the lack of comprehensive management ability of the organization, the insufficient application of digital technology, the imperfect institutional environment and the lack of compound talents. And we put forward accordingly a four in one path of GASCF helping SPR, which is Government standardizing and leading, assistance from financial institutions, driven by industry subjects and Co governance of Social Service

INNOVATIVE CITY IN WEST CHINA CHONGQING

This working paper offers insights on science and technology in China with supporting official and interview data. The paper, as evidenced from the title, is indicating the future role of Chongqing and its evolution primarily focusing on the period of rapid development of the Municipality after Chongqing became a political entity on the same level as provinces of China. This has coincided with the planning, construction and completion of the Three Gorges Dam Project involving the resettlement of 1,000,000 people – most them coming to the rural areas Chongqing Municipality. Three major sub-themes are highlighted. First, the city played important role during more than 2000 years of its history (in 1981, for example it became first inland port in China open for foreign commerce). In the XX century Chongqing was national capital during the Second World War and the Japanese invasion (Nationalists government). Since then it enjoyed higher political status and economic independence than any other city of the same size in whole western China. Second, the municipality’s geographical position and demographic condition makes it quite unique in West China. It has a population of 31 million, an area of 82 square km, a population density of 379 persons per km2 and a location at the upper reaches of Chang (Yangtze) River. This makes it the gate of Southwest China. Third, Chongqing has a strong basic multi-faced economy in the region. Central investment since the 1950s has assisted the development of a relatively strong modern industrial base in the city. Despite the post-Mao reform era’s impact on social and economic disparities as between the coastal areas and the west, Chongqing remains one of the China’s strongest city economies. Its industrial output value ranked 11th among the 35 biggest city economies in China in 2000, though it ranked behind the top ten most industrialized coastal cities, all of which had attracted much greater foreign investment during the reform era. The campaign to Open up the West provides Chongqing with the opportunity to act as the growth pole for a number of less industrialized provincial-level units in north-west and south-west China. Fourth, the initiatives by central authorities and the extraordinary task of Three Gorges Dam project required among other great tasks also relocation of over 1,2 million people, the rebuilding of two cities, eleven county towns and one hundred sixteen townships from the site of Three Gorges Dam water reservoir. Until 2005 there were already almost one million residents resettled. Less than 20 per cent moved outside Chongqing municipality and the majority was to be accommodated within the region of Chongqing Municipality.Regional development; clusters; Regional innovation System (RIS); Development block; competence block; technology system; High Technology Parks; Overview of Science and Technology; FDI

Research on the Realization Path of Intelligent Logistics in the “New Retail” Era

New retail is the product of innovation and transformation of e-commerce, physical retail and modern logistics. New retail relies on omni-channel logistics based on supply chain integration, order-driven precise logistics service and high intensity urban distribution carrying capacity, which has brought huge impacts and development opportunities to the logistics industry. At present, there are limitations in China\u27s intelligent logistics, both in terms of logistics infrastructure construction, logistics information services, and regulatory guarantee systems, which restrict the development of new retail . In order to realize the high-quality support of new retail by intelligent logistics, a trinity of intelligent logistics construction path of government guidance, market leadership, and social co-governance is proposed. We should accelerate the construction of intelligent logistics infrastructure under the guidance of the government, give full play to the leading role of the market to build an intelligent logistics information platform, and build a multi-security logistics security system through joint governance of all sectors of society to meet the overall objective of the high-quality support of logistics for new retail

Flourish an Innovation Tomorrowland: The Local Developmental State Model and China’s High-Tech Park

This study investigates the dynamic formation process of varieties of local developmental state models behind China's pursuit of emerging technological innovation at the global frontier. A local developmental state model is characterised by the development state's mobilisation and practice of the industrial policy pursuing economic and various development goals at the local level. The study is motivated by a simple puzzle, thus why do China's three most prominent innovation hubs, Beijing Zhongguancun High-Tech Park, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, and Shenzhen Nanshan High-Tech Park, choose different ways and focus on different technological innovations in the local development of artificial intelligence (AI) and Blockchain industries. This study proposes a new framework for understanding the varieties of local developmental state models by articulating the local state's distinctive industrial policy practice in building the local technological innovation industrial ecosystem. The study focuses on three aspects of the high-tech park's efforts to mobilise and practice industrial policies to foster local AI and Blockchain technological innovation clustering. The first one is the objective setting of industrial policy; the second one is the mechanism of the policymaking process; and the third one is the method of policy implementation. The high-tech park's different policy objective choices, policymaking mechanism, and policy implementation method provide an opportunity to articulate the local developmental state model's dynamic formation and evolution process in the context of China's technological innovation. The main proposition is that the local developmental state needs to balance a series of political and economic factors to form and implement different industrial policies to achieve diverse development goals. In the meantime, the different local development goals are based on a combined calculation of the local state's and central state's interests. Furthermore, this calculation-based development mechanism has shaped the dynamic mobilisation and formation process of the local developmental state's industrial policy. Then different local developmental state models will be observed and formed. The varieties of local developmental state models could be identified and categorised based on three aspects: 1). the prioritised development goals in the policy objective setting, in terms of the economic and political interests at both the local and central state levels; 2). the dynamic power-sharing method in the policymaking process and this aspect regards the dynamic power distribution, the centralisation or decentralisation of the power that the local state delegates to the participants in the process of decision-making; 3). and the level of dependency or autonomy that the local developmental state could exert in the policy implementation, and this point concerns intimately to the local state's reliance on the central or the local state's financial sponsorship, as well as the intervention from the central state's disciplinary inspection and political regulation that the local state faces and experiences. The study proposes three local developmental state models. The framework and theory explore case studies of the three local developmental state models from the lens of three high-tech parks' industrial policy practice in the distinctive local development of AI and Blockchain techno industries and industrial innovation. The first model is the bureaucratic local developmental state model by Zhongguancun High-Tech Park in Beijing. The political interests of the central state are prioritised in the setting of the local state's policy objective. Moreover, a highly centralised policymaking method is deployed by the local state under the central state's centralised policy order and political power influence. Meanwhile, a high level of dependency could be observed in the policy implementation by the local state, and the local state is dependent on the central state's financial sponsorship and under constant disciplinary inspection and heavy political regulation. In the empirical studies, Zhongguancun chooses the Digital Governance industry as the way to develop AI and Blockchain technologies, political interests in political stability and national security are prioritised by Zhongguancun under the order of the central state, and policymaking power is centralised by the participants trusted by the central state, the high-tech park's administration committee. Meanwhile, the policy implementation of Zhongguancun relies on the financial sponsorship of the central state's sovereign fund. It must endure constant party disciplinary inspection directly from the central state. The second mode is the hybrid local developmental state model that Zhangjiang High-Tech Park in Shanghai represents. A combination of political and economic interests of both the central and the local state are prioritised in the setting of policy objectives. And a method mixing centralisation with decentralisation is deployed in the policymaking by the local state under the power delegation by the central state. Meanwhile, a mixture of dependency and autonomy is reflected in the local state's policy implementation under a dynamic trade and negotiation with the central state. In the empirical studies, Zhangjiang chooses the Digital Currency industry as the path to progress in AI and Blockchain technologies, a combination of the central state's political interests (political stability and national security) and the local state's economic interests (economic growth and profit generation) are highlighted by Zhangjiang. Regarding the political interests of the central state, the Zhangjiang high-tech park's administration committee, as the delegate of the central state, uses centralised control in the policymaking process. When it comes to the economic interests of the local state, Zhangjiang's administration committee shares power with the managing group of the high-tech park in the policymaking process. However, when a combination of political and economic interests co-exists, cooperation and competition would coincide regarding power-sharing and distribution in the policymaking process. Meanwhile, the policy implementation of Zhangjiang relies on the financial sponsorship of both the central state's sovereign fund and the local state's industrial innovation fund. Moreover, the central-level party disciplinary inspection team will come to Zhangjiang when the policy implementation concerns the core political interests of the central state, and when it comes to the common economic interests pursued by the local state, Zhangjiang and Shanghai's local-level party disciplinary inspection team will take charge of the policy implementation. The third model is the entrepreneurial local developmental state model represented by Nanshan High-Tech Park in Shenzhen. The economic interests of the local state are prioritised in the setting of the local state's policy objective. The local state conducts a highly decentralised policymaking method under the authorisation and empowerment of the central state. Meanwhile, a high level of autonomy could be characterised by the policy implementation by the local state. And the local state relies on its financial resources and does not receive constant interruption from the heavy disciplinary inspection and political regulation by the central state. In the empirical studies, Nanshan chooses the Internet of Things (IoT) related intelligent manufacturing industry as the channel to foster AI and Blockchain technologies, economic interests in economic growth, profit generation, market efficiency, innovation capability, market competition and open innovation are prioritised by Nanshan. A decentralisation and inclusive participation method could be noticed in Nanshan's policymaking process. It aims to bring more participants and stakeholders with diverse backgrounds into the collective efforts incubating an entrepreneurship-friendly, market-confronting, innovation-inclusive, and technology-encouraging ecosystem. Meanwhile, the policy implementation of Nanshan relies on its profound financial resources coming from both the local state and the open domestic market in Shenzhen and China. The local Nanshan and Shenzhen party disciplinary inspection team take charge of Nanshan's daily development rather than the central state's inspection team. Furthermore, the local inspection team usually shows up to implement significant economic or technological innovation projects related to core political interests, especially national security. While at the same time, it is also the time when Beijing sends down the central inspection team to Nanshan; for example, the central state's inspection team will come to Nanshan and order the local Nanshan and Shenzhen's team to investigate the policy implementation of the IoT intelligent manufacturing related to semiconductor chips, when face with the stringent tech sanctions and blockade against China by the U.S. As well as when the development of Nanshan and Shenzhen's Blockchain-based cryptocurrency industry threatened financial, social, and political stability.The study also sheds light on China's Blockchain start-up clustering in Zhongguancun, Zhangjiang, and Nanshan to examine the formation and future evolution of the local developmental state model from a perspective of entrepreneurial development. The analysis discusses a growing trend in China's technological innovation ecosystem pursuing political stability and national security through achieving breakthroughs in emerging technologies and cutting-edge innovation. Moreover, the research also analyses whether China's local developmental state model, in the context of technological innovation, will increasingly tend to converge with a model pursuing political stability and national security. This study contributes to discussing the developmental state and developmental state models. By articulating the dynamic formation process of the local developmental state models in the context of China's emerging technological innovation, the study offers an alternative view and new exploration to understand the varieties of local developmental state models through the lens of the local state's industrial policy practice. This study speaks with the developmental state's transformation towards tech innovation industrialisation, an open global market and an international environment, as they are essential in the contemporary developmental state context. Meanwhile, the study also engages with the debate on the diffusion and transferability of the local developmental state model

ArtPro 2023 Business Plan for the New Art Project Artist Ecological Service

Beijing ArtPro Technology Co., Ltd. (Hereinafter referred to as ArtPro) wasestablished in November 2019 with a registered capital of 10 million yuan. It is a capital starting form in which Wu Jian, the founder and legal representative, contributes 70% and the other three co founders jointly contribute 30%.The founder and core management of ArtPro are from the core product teams ofChina\u27s leading Internet companies, such as Sogou, Tencent, ByteDance and Artron. With strong Internet genes and domestic leading brand marketing, product design and technology research and development capabilities, ArtPro is a team with superb technology, tacit cooperation, passion, continuous innovation and evolution. We have 15 product/design/sales personnel, 20 experts in technology, algorithm, operation and back-end development, and a team of 50 people. The service cooperation fields include auction big data, live broadcast, new retail, advertising, blockchain and many other fields, affecting the product experience of hundreds of millions of users worldwide. ArtPro\u27s existing business foundation can help collectors and art practitioners more quickly obtain information about artists and works of art, while providing a series of decision support and query tools to assist art research and trading

Research on development of Finance Technology in China

Finance Technology is the integration of technology and finance. For technology especially in computer communication area such as internet has provided open sharing environment and concept of mutual involved. The strong idea has lead to advanced advantage on data acquisition and quantities’ analysis.  Another one, finance with internet know-how can easily achieve the asset resources allocation and reduce unbalanced asymmetric information. In recent years, these Chinese technology companies are heavily partnering with finance industry. On the other hand, the traditional financial institutions in China invest millions dollars into technology for the finance technology integration.  Finance and Technology are combined together that enable the reform of China's financial industry. Furthermore, the new direction has built different kind of financial ecological environment. These FinTech companies are the highlight of China’s economic development and growth. However, during the process of development, the unexpected risk has gradually exposed.  For example, recently some large-scale P2P platforms in China have many undelivered payments to their clients or the credit crisis from their investors. Unlike traditional banks, the FinTech has "crossover", "mixed" and "virtual" characteristics that also carries both financial and internet risk, highly infectious and relevant. If governments miss the trigger point of danger, it is easy to cause systemic risk in China. Currently, Chinese governments adopt the monitoring system is "separate operation, and separate supervision". Apparently, this regulatory system is definitely lagged behind the development of Chinese Fin Tech. Keywords: finance technology, internet finance, P2P, financial risk, regulator

Innovative business plan: a crowdsourcing medical data annotation platform company

In this business plan, a new crowdsourcing medical data annotation platform company is proposed. It is to help companies and research institutions which are developing medical artificial intelligence outsource medical data annotation work to professional workers. Crowdsourcing platform, as one of the intermediary platform, is a new Internet business model to provide service for large-scale enterprises. There is great demand for crowdsourcing service in medical AI field in China. However, there is no company in China could offer professional medical data annotation services. Since the development of medical artificial intelligence in China, most of the companies engaged in research and development of medical artificial intelligence can only rely on recruitment or give up research and development. The cost of the workforce and material resources is very high. The proposed company's services can better address these issues. On the one hand, the proposed company can provide more cost-effective and accurate annotation data quickly through outsourcing. On the other hand, the proposed company can provide medical professionals with part-time opportunities to increase their income and reduce unemployment. Through the analysis in the paper, we can predict that the proposed company can stabilise the profit by collecting commissions and advertising. It will enable medical AI companies, the proposed companies and medical professionals to achieve a win-win situation. Therefore, it is attractive for Chinese start-ups to develop and fill this niche market.Neste plano de negócios, uma nova empresa de plataforma de anotação de dados médicos de crowdsourcing é proposta. É para ajudar empresas e instituições de pesquisa que estão desenvolvendo inteligência artificial médica a terceirizar facilmente o trabalho de anotação de dados médicos para trabalhadores profissionais. A plataforma de crowdsourcing, como uma das plataformas intermediárias, é um novo modelo de negócios na Internet para fornecer serviços para empresas de grande escala. Existe uma grande demanda por serviços de crowdsourcing no campo da IA médica na China. No entanto, nenhuma empresa na China poderia oferecer serviços profissionais de anotação de dados médicos. Desde o desenvolvimento da inteligência artificial médica na China, a maioria das empresas envolvidas em pesquisa e desenvolvimento de inteligência artificial médica só pode contar com seu próprio recrutamento ou desistir de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. O custo de mão de obra e recursos materiais é muito alto. Os serviços da empresa proposta podem resolver melhor esses problemas. Por um lado, a empresa proposta pode fornecer dados de anotação mais econômicos e precisos rapidamente através da terceirização. Por outro lado, a empresa proposta pode oferecer aos profissionais médicos oportunidades de meio período para aumentar sua renda e reduzir o desemprego. Através da análise do artigo, podemos prever que a empresa proposta pode estabilizar o lucro coletando comissões e publicidade. Isso permitirá que as empresas de IA médica, as empresas propostas e os profissionais médicos alcancem uma situação em que todos saem ganhando. Portanto, é atraente para as empresas chinesas desenvolver e preencher esse nicho de mercado

On The IT Industry and Government Policy Related with FDI in China

중국은 1978년 개혁개방이후 빠른 경제성장을 경험하고 있다. 이러한 경제성 장에 필요한 자본을 외국인 직접투자(FDI)형태로 조달하였다. 초기 경제성장은 중국의 저렴한 노동과 외국자본을 결합하여 가공무역형태로 진행되었다. 어느 정도 경제성장을 이룩하자 중국정부는 경제성장을 좀 더 기술집약적이고 자본 집약적인 산업으로 질적인 전환을 시도하였다. 이 과정에서 IT산업은 중국의 전략산업으로 부각되었다. 중국정부는 IT산업의 기술흡수 목적을 염두에 두고 더 많은 FDI를 유도하기 위해 합작투자형태 위주의 투자방식에서 독자소유기업을 허용하는 방침을 발표 하였다. 독자소유 형태로 전환한 다국적기업들은 기술을 보호하기 위해 자체의 R&D센터를 설립하는 등 다양한 형태의 경영활동을 펼쳤다. 이러한 활동들이 중국경제의 입장에서 보면 여러 가지 문제점을 노출하였다. 첫째 거대한 소비 시장과 정부우대정책으로 인해 다국적 기업의 과잉투자가 이루어져 초과생산설 비를 갖게 되었다. 둘째 다국적기업들의 과도한 기술보호로 중국의 기술파급효 과(technology spillover effect)가 기대수준보다 낮았다. 셋째 FDI투자의 불균등 이 심각하다. 동부해안 중심으로 FDI투자가 집중되어 지역격차, 소득격차 등 다 양한 불균형현상을 초래하였다. 넷째 심각한 환경문제를 발생하였다. IT관련 제 조품을 생산하는 과정에서 유독가스, 환경오염 등 유해물질을 무분별하게 방출 하여 국민건강에 해를 끼치고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 다음과 같은 개선점을 제시한다. 첫째 정부는 정책가이드를 강화하여야 한다. 전문가고용문제, 정부우대정책, 환 경문제와 기술이전 등 중요 사안에 대해 모호한 지점이 없도록 명확히 가이드 라인을 정하고 홍보해야 한다. 둘째 다국적기업의 활용방안에 대해 강구해야 한다. 중국현지기업과 다국적 기 업간의 어떤 전략적 제휴가 유효한가, 어떻게 다국적 기업의 R&D활동에 참여 할 수 있는가 등에 대한 방안을 모색해야 한다. 셋째 기술파급효과를 최대화하기 위한 정책을 모색해야 한다. 기술파급효과가 큰 기술을 갖고 있는 다국적 기업이 중국기업과 합작투자방식을 택할 수 있도 록 과감한 우대정책을 펼쳐야 한다. - vi - 넷째, 중국현지기업의 기술혁신능력을 배양해야 한다. 중국 자체 내 과학기술연 구센터를 설립하여 신기술을 창출할 수 있는 인프라투자를 적극적으로 시행해 야 한다.List of Tables ················································································································· ⅲ List of Figures ··············································································································· ⅳ Abstract ··························································································································· ⅴ Chapter 1. Introduction ····································································································1 1.1 The background and purpose ··········································································1 Chapter 2. Current situation of IT industry in China ··············································4 2.1 The development of IT industry ····································································4 2.1.1 Expansion of IT industry ·····································································4 2.1.2 Increasingly strong international status ··············································6 2.2 Scales of investment in IT industry ······························································6 Chapter 3. IT industry and FDI in China ··································································10 3.1 Situation of FDI ····························································································10 3.1.1 The Characteristics of FDI in IT Industry ······································10 3.1.2 The trends of FDI ················································································16 3.1.3 The relation between FDI and IT industry ·····································20 Chapter 4. Problems of investment in IT industry ·················································24 4.1 Overinvestment ·······························································································24 4.2 Blockade on New Technology ·······································································24 4.3 The environment for investment ·······························································28 4.4 Uneven FDI in IT industry ·············································································29 4.5 Serious pollution ·······························································································31 Chapter 5. The improvement policy ···········································································32 - ii - 5.1 Strengthening the policy guide ·····································································32 5.2 Utilization of MNCs ··························································································34 5.2.1 Association between local companies and multinational companies ·············································································································34 5.2.2 Active participation of R&D activities ·············································35 5.3 “Spillover effect” for rational exploitation ············································37 5.3.1 Policy environment ···············································································37 5.3.2 R&D encouragement ············································································38 5.4 Fostering Innovation ························································································39 5.4.1 R&D ability of local companies ·························································40 5.4.2 FDI enterprises and Chinese scientific research institutions ······40 Chapter 6 Conclusion ·····································································································42 Reference ·············································································································

A Blockchain based Fund Management System for Construction Projects -- A Comprehensive Case Study in Xiong'an New Area China

As large scale construction projects become increasingly complex, the use and integration of advanced technologies are being emphasized more and more. However, the construction industry often lags behind most industries in the application of digital technologies. In recent years, a decentralized, peer-topeer blockchain technology has attracted widespread attention from academia and industry. This paper provides a solution that combines blockchain technology with construction project fund management. The system involves participants such as the owner's unit, construction companies, government departments, banks, etc., adopting the technical architecture of the Xiong'an Blockchain Underlying System. The core business and key logic processing are all implemented through smart contracts, ensuring the transparency and traceability of the fund payment process. The goal of ensuring investment quality, standardizing investment behavior, and strengthening cost control is achieved through blockchain technology. The application of this system in the management of Xiong'an construction projects has verified that blockchain technology plays a significant positive role in strengthening fund management, enhancing fund supervision, and ensuring fund safety in the construction process of engineering projects. It helps to eliminate the common problems of multi-party trust and transparent supervision in the industry and can further improve the investment benefits of government investment projects and improve the management system and operation mechanism of investment projects.Comment: Accepted to the 8th International Conference on Smart Finance (ICSF 2023

Europe between China and the United States : geoeconomic implications of the belt and road initiative

Purpose: The research aims to examine the scope, nature and strength of the EU’s relations with China and the United States, under new circumstances created by the development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Design/Methodology/Approach: In pursuance of the goals, three main research fields were identified. The first part of the research covers the EU-China relationship with special regard to the Belt and Road Initiative development. The second part concentrates on the transatlantic relationship under the specific terms of Sino-American competition. The third section is devoted to measuring the strength of economic ties between the EU with China and the U.S. The multidimensional analysis of the EU-China and the EU-U.S. bilateral cooperation is conducted within the framework of the geoeconomic theory. The main tool used in the first and second part of the research is a literature analysis whereas to reflect the strength of geoeconomic relations between the countries geoeconomic vulnerability indicators were employed. Findings: The BRI is an instrument promoting China’s model for international economic cooperation, giving an advantage to the Chinese state and commercial enterprises at the expense of the U.S. and other partners of the EU. Although China has an advantage in terms of trade, its FDI is yet to catch up with those from the U.S. However, as China consistently increases trade and investments in the EU countries, its geoeconomic and geopolitical influence in the region may definitely increase. Practical Implications: The proposed set of indicators can be used to assess and monitor the strength and nature of bilateral relations between countries from a geoeconomic perspective. Originality/Value: The article provides a comprehensive and multidimensional analysis of the current EU-China-U.S. relations in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative. In this paper, the authors examine relations between the above mentioned countries by means of a geoeconomic approach.peer-reviewe