Green roofs as urban habitat for native plant seedlings and wild bees

vi, 170 leaves : ill. (some col.), map ; 29 cm.Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Though green roofs offer an integrated response to urban issues, no designs that promote seedling survival and diversity have been investigated, and few studies have quantified the relationship between green roof resources and invertebrate visitors. Research presented here has two objectives: to determine the effect of designed heterogeneity on substrate conditions and seedling dynamics of green roofs, and to compare the composition and pollen collecting habits of bee communities visiting green roof, urban, and coastal barrens habitat. Several features cooled substrate, retained substrate moisture, increased seedling survival, and delayed species loss in periods of drought. Relative to ground level habitats, green roof wild bee communities were less abundant and species rich but shared species with all habitat types. Pollen collection of bumblebees on green roofs was similar to that observed in urban and barrens habitat. These results suggest that green roofs may offer harmonized solutions to multiple urban problems

How many days? A comparison of the quality of time-use data from 2-day and 7-day diaries

Time budget studies differ in the number of diary days. The ‘Guidelines on Harmonized European Time-Use Surveys (HETUS)’ issued by EUROSTAT recommend a two-day diary with both one weekday and one weekend day. In this contribution we examine whether the number of diary days has an effect on the quality of timeuse indicators. A lot of time-use researchers plead for a longer period of observation; some of them even argue that one- or two-day diaries are not very valuable since the high demands of scientific research cannot be accomplished unless multi-day cycles are captured. Longer periods of observation offer better prospects for analyses, especially for the study of rhythms and activity patterns which typically follow cycles of multi-day duration, and which are part of daily life. Other authors however point out that longer periods of observation cause fatigue or diminished motivation and thus will lead to more inaccuracies. In this contribution we use the pooled Flemish time budget data from 1999 and 2004 to compare 7-day diaries with the 2-day diaries as recommended by the EUROSTAT-guidelines. The respondents of the Flemish time use surveys all filled in diaries for 7 consecutive days. To simulate the 2-day registration, we randomly selected one weekday and one weekend day for each respondent. The 2-day selection was compared with the original 7-day registration. The aim of this comparison is to inventory the advantages and disadvantages of the 2-day and 7-day registration method. To do that, we compare different indicators, such as the averages and the standard deviations of the duration of several activities. We further examine whether certain types of activities are more affected by the method of registration than others. Finally we examine whether a longer period of registration negatively affects the quality of the data (less detail and less accurate).Time-budget studies, time-use indicators, methodology

Timing and fragmentation of daily working hours arrangements and income inequality – An earnings treatment effects approach with German time use diary data

Traditional well-being analyses based on money income needs to be broadened by its time dimension. In the course of time the traditional full-time work is diminishing and new labour arrangements are discussed (keyword: flexible labour markets) with consequences on the daily work arrangements. Our study is contributing to the research on economic well-being and working hours arrangements by adding insights into particular daily work effort characteristics and its resulting income distribution. The work effort characteristics we regard is about labour market flexibility with focus on relations between the daily timing of work and its fragmentation, and its consequences on the income distribution. Whereas the first part of our study is describing the distribution of timing and fragmentation of daily work time and its resulting income based on more than 35.000 diaries of the most recent German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, the second part of our study quantifies determinants of arrangement specific earnings functions detecting significant explanatory patterns of what is behind. The related economic theory is a human capital approach in a market and non-market context, extended by non-market time use, the partner’s working condition, social networking as well as household and regional characteristics. The econometrics use a treatment effects type interdependent estimation of endogenous participation in a daily working hour pattern (self-selection) and pattern specific earnings function explanation. The overall result: Individual earnings in Germany are dependent on and significant different with regard to the daily working hours arrangement capturing timing and fragmentation of work. Market and non-market factors are important and significant in explaining participation and earnings thereof.Time use and inequality, timing and fragmentation of daily work time, daily working hours arrangements, earnings explanation, human capital, market and non-market time use, German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, time use diary data, treatment effects modelling, selfselection with endogenous selection

Senioritis in repose

Media and other accounts of life after retirement suggest it to be “The Golden Years” of life, when the elderly have true leisure in the classic sense of freedom from responsibilities of work. However, like earlier time-diary studies, data from the 2003-07 Americans Time Use Project (ATUS) indicate that the great majority of seniors’ extra 20+ hours of free time is concentrated on three activities – TV, reading and rest. Only a few more hours are spent on sleep. Despite reports of increased work time among seniors, relatively few of those in Andy’s new age bracket remain in the labor force and they work fewer hours.Time use, elderly, retirement, free time, TV, aging

Estimating household production outputs with time use episode data

It is not widely recognised that diary-based surveys of time use contain data not only on ‘input’ time but also on ‘output’ time. The diaries record episodes of time use throughout the day showing activities that can be categorised not only as household production input time, such as preparing a meal, but also household output (or consumption) time such as eating a meal. Harvey and Mukhopadhyay (1996) seem to have been the first to use the methodology of counting output episodes from time use surveys to estimate and value household production outputs. Using episode data from the 1992 Canadian time use survey, they counted the number of meals, the hours of child care and the nights of accommodation. Our paper explores the application of this methodology to the episode data from Australian time use surveys. We extend the outputs to include episodes of transport provided by households. This is in accord with the Eurostat recommendation to include transport as a final output in the preparation of satellite accounts of household production.Household production outputs, time use surveys, episode data, gross household product, satellite accounts of household production, accommodation, meals, child care, clean clothes, transport

The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development

The International Ocean Institute – Canada has compiled more than 80 insightful essays on the future of ocean governance and capacity development, based largely on themes of its Training Program at Dalhousie University in Canada, to honor the work of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002). Readership: The essays cover a broad range of ocean governance and capacity development issues and explore future benefits and challenges. This essential collection is aimed at professionals, students and citizens alike

Atlantic Canada’s distributed generation future : renewables, transportation, and energy storage

227 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps ; 29 cmIncludes abstract and appendices.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-205).Nova Scotia and the Federal Government have set low but achievable greenhouse gas targets, aimed at reducing our climate change burden while improving energy security in a globalizing economy. Can we decarbonize our economy and improve our technologic level? To answer this, I assessed our renewable resources and power plants, and in doing so reviewed practicalities of finite and renewable primary energy going forward. I collected data and created Nova Scotia’s Energy Map with the objective of improving Energy System Awareness in the region with an interactive online map. I evaluated and compared technology regimes based on: economics; operational risks; quality of environment, human, and animal health; along with social aspects of energy production and consumption. Finally with EnergyPLAN I analyzed and validated a near 100% renewable primary energy scenario to aid the understanding of regional decision makers that decarbonization is achievable and with proper implementation advantageous

Uma ferramenta para auxiliar no ensino de estruturas de dados como tipo de dado abstrato

Orientador : Beatriz Mascia DaltriniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoDoutorad

Understanding and strengthening European Union-Canada relations in Law of the Sea and Ocean Governance

The recent history of international ocean relations between Canada and the European Union (EU) merits particular scholarly attention. The headlines in the media have tended to focus on differences rather than commonalities, and in particular those few differences that led to confrontation, probably not without some assistance from the media. The “Turbot War” in the 1990s is by now a classic case of confrontation on the high seas motivated by conflicting fisheries and related conservation interests.https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/faculty_books/1080/thumbnail.jp