Managing Storage for Multithreaded Computations

Multithreading has become a dominant paradigm in general purpose MIMD parallel computation. To execute a multithread computation on a parallel computer, a scheduler must order and allocate threads to run on the individual processors

Analysis and Modeling of Advanced PIM Architecture Design Tradeoffs

A major trend in high performance computer architecture over the last two decades is the migration of memory in the form of high speed caches onto the microprocessor semiconductor die. Where temporal locality in the computation is high, caches prove very effective at hiding memory access latency and contention for communication resources. However where temporal locality is absent, caches may exhibit low hit rates resulting in poor operational efficiency. Vector computing exploiting pipelined arithmetic units and memory access address this challenge for certain forms of data access patterns, for example involving long contiguous data sets exhibiting high spatial locality. But for many advanced applications for science, technology, and national security at least some data access patterns are not consistent to the restricted forms well handled by either caches or vector processing. An important alternative is the reverse strategy; that of migrating logic in to the main memory (DRAM) and performing those operations directly on the data stored there. Processor in Memory (PIM) architecture has advanced to the point where it may fill this role and provide an important new mechanism for improving performance and efficiency of future supercomputers for a broad range of applications. One important project considering both the role of PIM in supercomputer architecture and the design of such PIM components is the Cray Cascade Project sponsored by the DARPA High Productivity Computing Program. Cascade is a Petaflops scale computer targeted for deployment at the end of the decade that merges the raw speed of an advanced custom vector architecture with the high memory bandwidth processing delivered by an innovative class of PIM architecture. The work represented here was performed under the Cascade project to explore critical design space issues that will determine the value of PIM in supercomputers and contribute to the optimization of its design. But this work also has strong relevance to hybrid systems comprising a combination of conventional microprocessors and advanced PIM based intelligent main memory

Classifiers for modeling of mineral potential

[Extract] Classification and allocation of land-use is a major policy objective in most countries. Such an undertaking, however, in the face of competing demands from different stakeholders, requires reliable information on resources potential. This type of information enables policy decision-makers to estimate socio-economic benefits from different possible land-use types and then to allocate most suitable land-use. The potential for several types of resources occurring on the earth's surface (e.g., forest, soil, etc.) is generally easier to determine than those occurring in the subsurface (e.g., mineral deposits, etc.). In many situations, therefore, information on potential for subsurface occurring resources is not among the inputs to land-use decision-making [85]. Consequently, many potentially mineralized lands are alienated usually to, say, further exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits. Areas with mineral potential are characterized by geological features associated genetically and spatially with the type of mineral deposits sought. The term 'mineral deposits' means .accumulations or concentrations of one or more useful naturally occurring substances, which are otherwise usually distributed sparsely in the earth's crust. The term 'mineralization' refers to collective geological processes that result in formation of mineral deposits. The term 'mineral potential' describes the probability or favorability for occurrence of mineral deposits or mineralization. The geological features characteristic of mineralized land, which are called recognition criteria, are spatial objects indicative of or produced by individual geological processes that acted together to form mineral deposits. Recognition criteria are sometimes directly observable; more often, their presence is inferred from one or more geographically referenced (or spatial) datasets, which are processed and analyzed appropriately to enhance, extract, and represent the recognition criteria as spatial evidence or predictor maps. Mineral potential mapping then involves integration of predictor maps in order to classify areas of unique combinations of spatial predictor patterns, called unique conditions [51] as either barren or mineralized with respect to the mineral deposit-type sought

About the Authors

About the Authors A-Z Nettie Adams Monisha Ahmed ... Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada Stephen Wagne

About the Authors

About the Authors A-Z Nettie Adams Monisha Ahmed ... Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada Stephen Wagne

Contributors

Contributing Authors A-W Nettie Adams Monisha Ahmed Gloria Seaman Allen Jeni Allenby Elizabeth Wayland Barber ... Bobbie Sumberg Rebecca Trussell Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada Stephen Wagne

Contributors

Contributing Authors A-W Nettie Adams Monisha Ahmed Gloria Seaman Allen Jeni Allenby Elizabeth Wayland Barber ... Bobbie Sumberg Rebecca Trussell Yoshiko Iwamoto Wada Stephen Wagne

Conceptualizing teamwork and group-work in architecture and related design disciplines

This paper reports on the early findings of an Australian Learning Teaching Council (ALTC/OLT) funded project – “Enhancing and Assessing Group and Team Learning in Architecture and Related Design Contexts.” This is a two-year project investigating good practice in Australian higher education for the teaching of teamwork in the design disciplines, with a focus on architecture. Drawing upon a review of the literature and discussions with teachers and practitioners, the paper considers how teamwork is conceived in the context of the design disciplines. The paper explores notions of team and group design activities in the literature, identifying the key elements and characteristics of effective teams and groups. While a great deal of research exists on effective teamwork in organizational, management and general education literature, this research found a clear gap in knowledge relating to teaching teamwork in architecture and related design contexts. Suggestions are made about the ways in which theories on effective teamwork in organisations might elucidate teaching and assessment of effectively functioning student design teams. The literature review prompted five key questions, outlined here, around the conceptualisation of teamwork in design education that were subsequently discussed with educators and practitioners, thus allowing the identification of issues, problems and solutions common to all fields of design